Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression results of factors significantly associated with clinically significant pain.

From: Prevalence of pain and its socio-demographic and clinical correlates among heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment

Factor

Risk level

Reference level

Coefficient

Standard error

Wald χ2

P

OR(95%CI)

Age (years)&

—

—

0.099

0.016

37.51

<0.001

1.10(1.07,1.14)

Marital status

Non-married*

Married

1.120

0.223

25.165

<0.001

3.07(1.98,4.75)

Unemployment

Yes

No

0.646

0.206

9.807

0.002

1.91(1.27,2.86)

Presence of religious beliefs

Yes

No

1.558

0.382

16.675

<0.001

4.75(2.25,10.03)

Usual route of heroin administration before MMT

Injecting

Smoking

0.915

0.282

10.515

0.001

2.50(1.44,4.35)

Methadone dosage (mg/day)&

—

—

0.007

0.004

4.182

0.041

1.02(1.01,1.03)

Self-rating Depression Scale&

—

—

0.043

0.013

11.708

0.001

1.04(1.02,1.07)

  1. &Continuous variables, the ORs for 1 unit increase in age (a year), methadone dose (1 mg/day), and Self-rating Depression Scale score (1 point) are 1.10, 1.02, and 1.04, respectively.
  2. *“Non-married” includes never-married, remarried, cohabitating, separated/divorced, and widowed.
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