Table 1 Characteristics of subjects according to obesity status (defined by body mass index) and metabolic health status defined by ATP-III criteria.

From: Visceral adiposity index is strongly associated with hyperuricemia independently of metabolic health and obesity phenotypes

 

Non-obese

Obese

P value

Metabolically healthy (MHNO) (n = 3780)

Metabolically unhealthy (MUNO) (n = 1673)

Metabolically healthy (MHO) (n = 892)

Metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (n = 1287)

Age, year

46.5 (36.3–58.5)

55 (44.7–64.8)

49 (40.2–58.2)

53.7 (44.4–62.3)

<0.001

Sex (female), n (%)

2168 (57.4%)

765 (45.7%)

575 (64.5%)

623 (48.4%)

<0.001

Smoker, n (%)

1107 (29.3%)

638 (38.1%)

181 (20.3%)

409 (31.8%)

<0.001

Alcohol drinker, n (%)

1175 (31.1%)

579 (34.6%)

252 (28.3%)

466 (36.2%)

<0.001

Urban resident, n (%)

2618 (69.3%)

1130 (67.5%)

614 (68.8%)

855 (66.4%)

0.2377

BMI, kg/m2

21.4 (19.8–22.9)

22.6 (21.1–23.8)

26.5 (25.7–27.8)

27.3 (26–29)

<0.001

WC, cm

77 (71–82.4)

81.8 (76–87)

89.8 (84.5–94.9)

93 (88–98.5)

<0.001

WHtR

0.5 (0.4–0.5)

0.5 (0.5–0.5)

0.6 (0.5–0.6)

0.6 (0.5–0.6)

<0.001

VAI

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

3.1 (2–4.5)

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

3.5 (2.4–5.3)

<0.001

BAI

26.7 (24.2–29.4)

27.2 (24.7–30)

31.8 (28.7–34.4)

31.2 (28.4–34.6)

<0.001

HDL-C, mmol/l

1.5 (1.4–1.8)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

1.4 (1.3–1.7)

1.1 (1–1.3)

<0.001

LDL-C, mmol/l

2.8 (2.3–3.4)

3 (2.3–3.6)

3.1 (2.6–3.7)

3.1 (2.6–3.8)

<0.001

DBP, mm Hg

76.7 (70–80.7)

82 (78–90)

80 (75.3–84)

86.7 (80–92)

<0.001

SBP, mm Hg

117.3 (108.7–123.3)

130 (119.3–140.7)

120.5 (112–130)

130.7 (120.7–146)

<0.001

FPG, mmol/l

4.9 (4.5–5.2)

5.6 (5–6)

5 (4.7–5.3)

5.5 (5–6.1)

<0.001

TC, mmol/l

4.6 (4–5.2)

4.8 (4.2–5.5)

4.9 (4.3–5.5)

5 (4.5–5.7)

<0.001

TG, mmol/l

1 (0.7–1.3)

1.9 (1.3–2.6)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

2.2 (1.6–2.9)

<0.001

UA, mmol/l

266 (219–324)

319 (262–382)

278 (230–333)

342 (287–407)

<0.001

HOMA-IR

1.9 (1.4–2.6)

2.8 (1.9–4.3)

2.5 (1.7–3.6)

3.5 (2.4–5.8)

<0.001

hsCRP

1 (0–2)

1 (1–3)

1 (1–3)

2 (1–4)

<0.001

HbA1c, %

5.4 (5.1–5.7)

5.5 (5.2–5.9)

5.5 (5.3–5.8)

5.7 (5.4–6.1)

<0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

33 (0.9%)

155 (9.3%)

9 (1.0%)

135 (10.5%)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

497 (13.1%)

890 (53.2%)

178 (20.0%)

850 (66.0%)

<0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

525 (13.9%)

733 (43.8%)

210 (23.5%)

703 (54.6%)

<0.001

  1. Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: ATP-III, the Adult Treatment Panel-III; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BAI, body adiposity index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UA, uric acid; HOMA-IR, homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
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