Table 2 Baseline AD-related phenotypic data and cognitive descriptive statistics for clinical classifications across the cohort. All data is presented as means ± standard deviations. CN, cognitive normal; MCI, Mild cognitively impaired; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; VEM, Verbal Episodic Memory; ViEM, Visual Episodic Memory; EF, Executive Function; LANG, Language; GLOBAL, Global cognitive composite; HV, Intracranial volume corrected Hippocampal Volume; NAB, Neocortical Amyloid Burden; SUVR-BeCKeT, a transformation of native SUVR into PiB-like SUVR.

From: Insulin resistance is associated with reductions in specific cognitive domains and increases in CSF tau in cognitively normal adults

 

CN

MCI

AD

P value

Cognitive Composites

VEM

0.032 ± 1.20 (n = 891)

−2.69 ± 1.49 (n = 146)

−3.93 ± 1.70 (n = 152)

<0.001

ViEM

−0.010 ± 1.31 (n = 900)

−2.02 ± 1.39 (n = 152)

−4.42 ± 1.36 (n = 166)

<0.001

EF

0.006 ± 1.08 (n = 883)

−1.24 ± 1.23 (n = 146)

−3.37 ± 1.89 (n = 139)

<0.001

LANG

0.015 ± 0.72 (n = 887)

−1.26 ± 0.90 (n = 153)

−3.50 ± 1.32 (n = 174)

<0.001

GLOBAL

0.026 ± 1.17 (n = 889)

−3.07 ± 1.68 (n = 146)

−6.37 ± 2.14 (n = 151)

<0.001

Neuroimaging/CSF Biomarkers

HV (cm3)

2.93 ± 0.27 (n = 229)

2.62 ± 0.42 (n = 52)

2.39 ± 0.38 (n = 38)

<0.001

NAB (SUVR-BeCKeT)

1.38 ± 0.40 (n = 262)

1.86 ± 0.53 (n = 69)

2.11 ± 0.50 (n = 48)

<0.001

CSF Aβ42

681.2 ± 201.9 (n = 36)

590.3 ± 229.7 (n = 14)

496.9 ± 243.5 (n = 16)

0.022

CSF T-tau

330.6 ± 236.8 (n = 36)

512.0 ± 321.0 (n = 14)

587.5 ± 235.4 (n = 16)

0.003

CSF P-tau

58.2 ± 29.1 (n = 36)

75.4 ± 34.9 (n = 14)

79.6 ± 23.7 (n = 16)

0.031

CSF Aβ42:T-tau

2.72 ± 1.40 (n = 36)

1.77 ± 1.30 (n = 14)

1.01 ± 0.79 (n = 16)

<0.001

CSF Aβ42:P-tau

13.82 ± 6.12 (n = 36)

10.35 ± 7.04 (n = 14)

6.85 ± 4.46 (n = 16)

0.001