Figure 5
From: Large and accessible conductivity of charged domain walls in lithium niobate

Current measurements using four electrodes. (a) Geometry and equivalent electric scheme. (b) Top-Top connection: zero current. (c) Top-left-Bottom-right connection: semi-ohmic diode-like behaviour. (d) Bottom-Bottom connection: fully ohmic behaviour. (e) Top-left-Bottom-left connection: diode-like behaviour.