Table 3 Effects of individual and combined stresses of 2,4-D and salinity on glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSH) and ration of GSH/GSSH in the roots of two rice cultivars.

From: 2,4-D attenuates salinity-induced toxicity by mediating anatomical changes, antioxidant capacity and cation transporters in the roots of rice cultivars

Cultivar

Treatment

GR

ASA

DHAR

MDHAR

GSH

GSSG

GSH/

Lignin (A280 mg −1 protein)

(U mg−1 protein)

(µg g−1 FW)

(U mg−1 protein)

(U mg−1 protein)

(nmol g−1 FW)

(nmol g−1 FW)

GSSG ratio

ZJ 88

Control (CK)

2.11 ± 0.16 f (100%)

35.82 ± 2.36d (100%)

11.21 ± 1.07bc (100%)

3.80 ± 0.40c (100%)

0.42 ± 0.02 cd (100%)

0.117 ± 0.01bc (100%)

3.68 ± 0.34ef (100%)

7.43 ± 0.66 (100%)

T2

3.34 ± 0.39ef (58%)

39.50 ± 1.49bcd (10%)

12.60 ± 1.71abc (12%)

6.77 ± 0.69ab (78%)

0.49 ± 0.03abcd (17%)

0.107 ± 0.01bc (−9%)

4.61 ± 0.15bc (25%)

8.05 ± 0.58 (8%)

T3

3.04 ± 0.30ef (44%)

38.12 ± 2.94 cd (6%)

13.16 ± 1.13abc (17%)

3.52 ± 0.55c (−7%)

0.42 ± 0.01 cd (0%)

0.137 ± 0.01ab (17%)

3.15 ± 0.32fg (−14%)

11.40 ± 0.87 (53%)

T4

3.09 ± 0.42ef (46%)

36.23 ± 3.88d (1%)

15.82 ± 1.42a (41%)

3.25 ± 0.58c (−14%)

0.44 ± 0.02bcd (5%)

0.137 ± 0.02ab (17%)

3.24 ± 0.16fg (−12%)

11.86 ± 0.96 (60%)

T5

5.85 ± 0.52 cd (177%)

42.86 ± 1.24ab (20%)

12.97 ± 1.00abc (16%)

5.22 ± 0.65bc (37%)

0.50 ± 0.02abcd (19%)

0.117 ± 0.01bc (0%)

4.31 ± 0.27 cd (17%)

14.20 ± 1.64 (91%)

T6

4.22 ± 0.34de (100%)

39.15 ± 1.60bcd (9%)

12.78 ± 0.92abc (14%)

8.19 ± 1.03a (116%)

0.51 ± 0.04abc (21%)

0.123 ± 0.01abc (5%)

4.17 ± 0.41 cd (13%)

14.64 ± 1.80 (97%)

XS 134

Control (CK)

3.25 ± 0.20ef (100%)

36.49 ± 2.14d (100%)

10.66 ± 0.75c (100%)

3.59 ± 0.26c (100%)

0.40 ± 0.03d (100%)

0.150 ± 0.02a (100%)

2.68 ± 0.09 g (100%)

8.10 ± 0.83 (100%)

T2

6.02 ± 0.77 cd (85%)

39.82 ± 1.17bcd (9%)

12.76 ± 0.75abc (20%)

6.93 ± 0.31ab (93%)

0.47 ± 0.02bcde (18%)

0.113 ± 0.01bc (−24%)

4.15 ± 0.23 cd (55%)

10.23 ± 1.13 (26%)

T3

6.56 ± 0.55bc (102%)

40.71 ± 1.63abc (12%)

13.79 ± 0.67abc (29%)

4.09 ± 0.72c (14%)

0.47 ± 0.02bcde (18%)

0.120 ± 0.01abc (−20%)

3.93 ± 0.16def (47%)

10.63 ± 1.04 (31%)

T4

8.15 ± 0.81ab (151%)

43.72 ± 1.21ab (20%)

14.38 ± 1.20ab (35%)

4.40 ± 0.57c (23%)

0.52 ± 0.03abc (30%)

0.100 ± 0.01c (−33%)

5.20 ± 0.42ab (94%)

12.95 ± 0.89 (60%)

T5

8.67 ± 0.33b (167%)

45.49 ± 3.58a (25%)

14.93 ± 1.31a (40%)

6.53 ± 0.23ab (82%)

0.55 ± 0.01a (38%)

0.097 ± 0.001c (−35%)

5.70 ± 0.11a (113%)

17.67 ± 1.21 (118%)

T6

10.48 ± 1.28a (223%)

45.83 ± 2.64a (26%)

15.47 ± 0.85a (45%)

8.95 ± 0.87a (149%)

0.54 ± 0.02ab (35%)

0.093 ± 0.001c (−38%)

5.80 ± 0.34a (116%)

19.30 ± 1.04 (138%)

  1. Average ± standard error from four separate replicates. Values with different letters are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 as determined by Duncan’s test. CK = control, T2 = Recommended dose of herbicide (2,4-D), T3 = 4 dS m−1, T4 = 8 dSm−1, T5 = 4 ds m−1 + Recommended dose of herbicide, and T6 = 8 dS m−1 + Recommended dose of herbicide. FW = Fresh weight, dS m−1 = deciSiemens per meter.
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