Table 3 Hazard ratios of γ-GT and components of the metabolic syndrome in developing future metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

From: Predictive Value of Serum Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase for Future Cardiometabolic Dysregulation in Adolescents- a 10-year longitudinal study

 

Univariate Cox Regression

Multivariate Cox Regression

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

p value

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

p value

(a) Metabolic syndrome

Male

  γ-GT > 12 U/L

2.526

(1.824–3.500)

<0.001

1.980

(1.417–2.765)

<0.001

  WC > criteria*

4.508

(2.919–6.961)

<0.001

3.881

(2.481–6.069)

<0.001

  BP > criteria*

1.199

(0.740–1.942)

0.461

0.915

(0.562–1.489)

0.721

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

1.517

(1.068–2.156)

0.020

1.437

(1.008–2.048)

0.045

  HDL-C<criteria*

1.067

(0.689–1.652)

0.771

0.925

(0.593–1.444)

0.732

  TG > 150 mg/dl

1.184

(0.641–2.185)

0.590

0.746

(0.401–1.390)

0.357

Female

  γ-GT > 11 U/L

2.793

(1.589–4.910)

<0.001

2.850

(1.598–5.082)

<0.001

  WC > criteria*

1.859

(1.025–3.373)

0.041

1.547

(0.840–2.850)

0.162

  BP > criteria*

0.522

(0.072–3.783)

0.520

0.362

(0.049–2.674)

0.320

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

1.204

(0.477–3.041)

0.694

1.220

(0.483–3.080)

0.674

  HDL-C<criteria*

2.940

(1.669–5.178)

<0.001

2.880

(1.625–5.104)

<0.001

  TG > 150 mg/dl

0.930

(0.226–3.831)

0.920

0.422

(0.099–1.793)

0.242

(b) Hypertension

Male

  γ-GT > 12 U/L

2.068

(1.339–3.194)

0.001

1.551

(0.989–2.433)

0.056

  WC > criteria*

3.092

(1.816–5.265)

<0.001

2.548

(1.459–4.449)

0.001

  BP > criteria*

3.281

(2.032–5.299)

<0.001

2.660

(1.624–4.355)

<0.001

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

0.845

(0.484–1.477)

0.554

0.732

(0.416–1.288)

0.279

  HDL-C<criteria*

1.273

(0.745–2.175)

0.377

0.941

(0.543–1.632)

0.828

  TG > 150 mg/dl

1.544

(0.773–3.084)

0.218

0.913

(0.447–1.864)

0.803

Female

  γ-GT > 11 U/L

4.312

(1.069–17.395)

0.040

2.351

(0.517–10.693)

0.269

  WC > criteria*

5.955

(0.732–48.428)

0.095

3.333

(0.379–29.288)

0.278

  BP > criteria*

14.494

(3.457–60.769)

<0.001

8.210

(1.830–36.835)

0.006

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

1.541

(0.189–12.582)

0.686

1.119

(0.130–9.627)

0.919

  HDL-C<criteria*

1.810

(0.452–7.243)

0.402

1.141

(0.253–5.143)

0.864

  TG > 150 mg/dl

7.387

(1.477–36.935)

0.015

2.893

(0.448–18.663)

0.264

(c) Diabetes

Male

  γ-GT > 12 U/L

3.165

(1.094–9.160)

0.034

2.429

(0.812–7.266)

0.112

  WC > criteria*

5.224

(1.187–22.985)

0.029

4.023

(0.875–18.496)

0.074

  BP > criteria*

1.193

(0.271–5.250)

0.815

0.785

(0.175–3.522)

0.752

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

1.755

(0.610–5.055)

0.297

1.654

(0.568–4.819)

0.356

  HDL-C<criteria*

1.331

(0.379–4.679)

0.656

1.107

(0.303–4.051)

0.878

  TG > 150 mg/dl

1.871

(0.425–8.234)

0.407

1.046

(0.224–4.882)

0.955

Female

  γ-GT > 11 U/L

2.378

(0.862–6.561)

0.094

2.757

(0.980–7.755)

0.055

  WC > criteria*

0.824

(0.309–2.196)

0.699

0.742

(0.271–2.033)

0.562

  BP > criteria*

1.667

(0.220–12.619)

0.621

1.555

(0.199–12.164)

0.674

  FPG > 100 mg/dl

0.672

(0.089–5.091)

0.700

0.680

(0.090–5.161)

0.710

  HDL-C<criteria*

1.109

(0.403–3.052)

0.841

1.236

(0.444–3.437)

0.685

  TG > 150 mg/dl

0.046

(0.000–1178.588)

0.553

0.000

(0.000–—)

0.978

  1. BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WC, waist circumference. *Criteria for WC were according to the cut-off value by Sung et al.26; criteria for BP were systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; criteria for HDL-C was<40 mg/dL. BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WC, waist circumference. *Criteria for WC were according to the cut-off value by Sung et al.26; criteria for BP were systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; criteria for HDL-C was <40 mg/dL.
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