Table 4 Overview of diagnostic yield of rapid microbiological assays for tuberculosis stratified by mycobacterial blood culture result and vital status at 90 days (among n = 132 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis with mycobacterial blood culture results).

From: Disseminated tuberculosis among hospitalised HIV patients in South Africa: a common condition that can be rapidly diagnosed using urine-based assays

Assay

Diagnostic yield for newly diagnosed TB

Diagnostic yield for TB-related deaths

Blood culture positive (n = 41)

Blood culture negative (n = 91)

Blood culture positive (n = 41)

Blood culture negative (n = 91)

Number with new TB

Diagnostic yield for new TB % (95%CI)

Number with new TB

Diagnostic yield for new TB % (95%CI)

Number of patient dying within 90 days

Diagnostic yield in those dying within 90 days % (95% CI)

Number of patients dying within 90 days

Diagnostic yield in those dying within 90 days % (95% CI)

Overall

41

100

91

100

9

100

9

100

Sputum

AFB smear

8

19.5 (8.8–34.9)

17

18.7 (11.3–28.2)

3

33.3 (7.5–70.1)

1

11.1 (0.2–48.2)

Xpert × 1

8

19.5 (8.8–34.9)

25

27.5 (18.6–37.8)

3

33.3 (7.5–70.1)

2

22.2 (2.8–60.0)

Xpert × 2

8

19.5 (8.8–34.9)

27

29.7 (20.5–40.2)

3

33.3 (7.5–70.1)

2

22.2 (2.8–60.0)

Either AFB smear or Xpert × 2

8

19.5 (8.8–34.9)

25

27.5 (18.6–37.8)

3

33.3 (7.5–70.1)

2

22.2 (2.8–60.0)

Urine

LAM Grade 2

27

65.9 (49.4–79.9)

27

29.7 (20.5–40.2)

9

100 (66.4–100)

4

44.4 (13.7–78.8)

LAM Grade 1

32

78.0 (62.4–89.4)

30

33.0 (23.5–43.6)

9

100 (66.4–100)

6

66.7 (29.9–92.5)

Xpert non-concentrated

22

53.7 (37.4–69.3)

34

37.4 (27.4–48.1)

4

44.4 (13.7–78.8)

4

44.4 (13.7–78.8)

Xpert concentrated

32

78.0 (62.4–89.4)

45

49.5 (38.8–60.1)

7

77.8 (40.0–97.2)

8

88.9 (51.8–99.7)

Any urine Xpert

32

78.0 (62.4–89.4)

52

57.1 (46.3–67.5)

7

77.8 (40.0–97.2)

8

88.9 (51.8–99.7)

LAM Grade 2 and non-concentrated Xpert

32

78.0 (62.4–89.4)

43

47.3 (36.7–58.0)

9

100 (66.4–100)

6

66.7 (29.9–92.5)

LAM Grade 2 and concentrated Xpert

36

87.8 (73.8–95.9)

41

45.1 (34.6–55.8)

9

100 (66.4–100)

8

88.9 (51.8–99.7)

LAM grade 2 and any urine Xpert

36

87.8 (73.8–95.9)

55

60.4 (49.6–70.5)

9

100 (66.4–100)

8

88.9 (51.8–99.7)

  1. Abbreviations: AFB = acid fast bacilli, LAM = Lipoarabinomannan.
  2. Diagnostic yield is defined as the number of positive test results for given assay (numerator; by row) within the total set of patients (denominator; by column).
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