Figure 5
From: Defect generation in Pd layers by ‘smart’ films with high H-affinity

Hydrogen-induced surface topography changes of Pd2nm/Nb55nm/Al2O3 measured in situ by STM. (a) Before hydrogen exposure, (b) during hydrogen exposure at p H = 1.6 × 10−6 mbar for 1220 min, (c) line scans taken along the black dotted lines in (a) and (b). (Frame sizes 2000 × 2000 nm2).