Table 5 Associations between PAH metabolites in urine and blood pressure in the exposed group (chimney sweeps, n = 151), explored by general-linear-model [95%CI = 95% confidence interval].

From: Early markers of cardiovascular disease are associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Systolic BP a

Model 1f

Model 2g

Model 3h

P

β1 (CI 95%)

P

β1 (CI 95%)

P

β1 (CI 95%)

1-OH-PYRb

0.702

0.37 (−1.55, 2.29)

0.872

0.22 (−2.46, 2.90)

0.512

0.72 (−1.45, 2.89)

2-OH-PHc

0.247

0.87 (−0.61, 2.36)

0.223

1.02 (−0.63, 2.67)

0.071

1.58 (−0.14, 3.29)

3-OH-BaPd

0.359

0.18 (−0.21, 0.57)

0.521

0.20 (−0.41, 0.81)

0.369

0.20 (−0.24, 0.63)

3-OH-BaAe

0.766

0.04 (−0.21, 0.29)

0.406

0.13 (−0.18, 0.44)

0.549

0.09 (−0.20, 0.38)

Diastolic BP a

1-OH-PYR

0.067

1.16 (−0.08, 2.40)

0.219

1.08 (−0.65, 2.82)

0.151

1.00 (−0.37, 2.37)

2-OH-PH

0.001

1.66 (0.72, 2.60)

<0.001

1.88 (0.86, 2.89)

0.002

1.72 (0.66, 2.78)

3-OH-BaP

0.013

0.31 (0.07, 0.55)

0.016

0.47 (0.09, 0.85)

0.107

0.22 (−0.05, 0.49)

3-OH-BaA

0.044

0.16 (0.01, 0.32)

0.015

0.24 (0.05, 0.44)

0.089

0.16 (−0.03, 0.34)

Homocysteine

1-OH-PYR

0.668

0.27 (−0.98, 1.53)

0.138

0.70 (−0.23, 1.64)

0.897

−0.09 (−1.49, 1.30)

2-OH-PH

0.389

0.38 (−0.49, 1.25)

0.121

0.46 (−0.12, 1.04)

0.520

0.32 (−0.66, 1.29)

3-OH-BaP

0.262

0.11 (−0.09, 0.32)

0.363

0.10 (−0.12, 0.31)

0.170

0.15 (−0.06, 0.36)

3-OH-BaA

0.264

0.09 (−0.07, 0.24)

0.030

0.12 (0.01, 0.23)

0.508

0.06 (−0.11, 0.23)

Cholesterol

1-OH-PYR

0.789

0.02 (−0.15, 0.20)

0.880

0.02 (−0.20, 0.23)

0.851

0.02 (−0.19, 0.22)

2-OH-PH

0.619

0.03 (−0.09, 0.15)

0.637

0.03 (−0.10, 0.17)

0.723

0.03 (−0.12, 0.17)

3-OH-BaP

0.932

0.00 (−0.04, 0.04)

0.631

0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)

0.892

0.00 (−0.04, 0.05)

3-OH-BaA

0.612

0.01 (−0.02, 0.03)

0.675

0.01 (−0.02, 0.03)

0.613

0.01 (−0.02, 0.03)

HDL

1-OH-PYR

0.123

−0.05 (−0.10, 0.01)

0.501

−0.03 (−0.10, 0.05)

0.381

−0.03 (−0.10, 0.04)

2-OH-PH

0.073

−0.04 (−0.08, 0.00)

0.221

−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)

0.298

−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)

3-OH-BaP

0.067

−0.01 (−0.02, 0.00)

0.296

−0.01 (−0.03, 0.01)

0.223

−0.01 (−0.02, 0.01)

3-OH-BaA

0.042

−0.01 (−0.01, 0.00)

0.224

−0.01 (−0.01, 0.00)

0.185

−0.01 (−0.01, 0.00)

  1. aBlood pressure. b1-hydroxypyrene (µg/L). c2-hydroxyphenanthrene (µg/L). d3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (ng/L). e3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene (ng/L). f(outcome variable) = intercept + β1 × PAH metabolite (continuous) + β2 × age (continuous) + β3 × BMI (continuous) + β4 × smoking status (4 categories) + e (residual error). g(outcome variable) = intercept + β1 × PAH metabolite (continuous) + β2 × age (continuous) + β3 × BMI (continuous) + e (residual error). Current and party smokers were excluded from the analysis. h(outcome variable) = intercept + β1 × PAH metabolite (continuous) + β2 × age (continuous) + β3 × BMI (continuous) + β4 × smoking status (4 categories) + β5 × use of snus (2 categories) + β6 × physical activity (4 categories) + β7 × passive smoking (2 categories) + β8 × current residence (4 categories) + β9 × education (2 categories) + β10 × family history of cardiovascular disease (2 categories) + β11 × exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from hobby (2 categories) + e (residual error).
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