Table 1 Selection of rGH biomarkers from differentially expressed^◊ proteins^ł identified by multiple techniques.

Name of the biomarkers	Change in rGh-treated	2-D gels & T-test	2-way ANOVA	Quantitative iTRAQ MS/MS	Quantitative Western blot
APOL1	↑	√	√	√ **	√
AHSG	↑	√	√	NS	√
VDBP	↓	√	NS	NS	NT
Afamin	↑	NI	NT	√ **	NT
IGFBP-3	↑	NI	NT	√ *	NT
IGFBPC-ALS	↑	NI	NT	√ *	NT
Lumican	↑	NI	NT	√ *	NT
Extracellular matrix	↑	NI	NT	√ *	NT
protein 1

Note: ◊ = based on T-tests (P ≤ 0.05); ł = each protein had several isoforms on 2-D DIGE gels; NI = Not Identified; NT = Not Tested; NS = protein identified but not significantly different; **Fold change > 1.5 (P = < 0.05); *Fold change > 1.2 but < 1.5 (P = < 0.05); ↑ = up-regulated; ↓ = down-regulated. Eight rGH plasma biomarkers of which six novels such as apolipoproptein-L1 (APOL1), alpha-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), afamin, lumican and extracellular matrix protein −1 (ECM-1) and two previously reported biomarkers such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-ALS (IGFBPC-ALS) were identified by gel-based and LC-MS/MS-analyses in this work.

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