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Figure 1

From: (S)-Oxiracetam is the Active Ingredient in Oxiracetam that Alleviates the Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

(S)-Oxiracetam is the active ingredient in oxiracetam that alleviates the impairments in spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze test in the 2-VO rats. (a) (S)-Oxiracetam decreased the escape latency during the navigation training in the Morris water maze test. (b) Representative swim traces during the probe trail of the Morris water maze test. (c) (S)-Oxiracetam increased the platform crossings in the probe trail of the Morris water maze test. So: (S)-oxiracetam; Ro: (R)-oxiracetam; Rso: oxiracetam. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 7–9 per group. The escape latency during the navigation training was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The platform crossings during the probe trail were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. sham group; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. model group.

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