Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Small molecule-based lineage switch of human adipose-derived stem cells into neural stem cells and functional GABAergic neurons

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Induction of neural stem cell-like cells (iNSCs) from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) using small molecules (SMs). (a) The experimental scheme for iNSCs derived from hADSCs. (b) Bright-field images of hADSCs in culture. Morphological changes were observed at different stages of NSC induction with (+) or without (−) SMs. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Real-time qPCR of NSC and early neuronal markers, Nestin, Sox1, Sox2, Pax6, Musashi-1, Vimentin, Emx1, Gli3, FoxG1, Nkx2.1, Dlx2, Ascl1, Tuj1 and Olig2. The mRNA level of a given gene was quantified by densitometry and normalized to the corresponding GAPDH level. The bars represent the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to hADSC, †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 compared to (−) SM. ANOVA followed by post hoc Newman-Keuls test. (d) Flow cytometry analysis of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-positive cells after NSC induction with (+) or without (−) SMs as well as Nestin- and Ki67-positive cells after NSC induction with (+) SMs.

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