Figure 2

LF-MFs induce autophagy in tumor tissues and lung cancer cells. (A) Mice were treated as described in Fig. 1 and tumor tissues were acquired from each mouse. Expression of LC3II was detected using immunohistochemistry staining. (B,C) Protein expression of Beclin-1, ATG5, LC3B and p62 were detected in tumor tissues from sham MFs group (n = 3) and LF-MFs group (n = 3) by Western blotting. (D) A549 and LLC cells were treated with sham MFs or LF-MFs for different time intervals (2, 4, 6, days, 4 h/day). Cell activity was analyzed by using a cell counting kit-8 assay. (E,F) A549 and LLC cells were treated with sham MFs or LF-MFs for different time intervals (2, 4, 6, days, 4 h/day). (G) Fluorescent images of A549 and LLC cells transfected with the GFP-LC3 plasmids and treated with sham MFs or LF-MFs for 6d (original magnification × 1000). The images showed GFP-LC3 dots formation in LF-MFs-treated cells. All error bars indicate mean ± SEM. Experiments were repeated three times independently. ***P < 0.001.