Table 2 Analysis of effect sizes comparing hydrodilatation and intra-articular corticosteroid injection stratified by the aspects of approaches, guiding techniques and doses of intervention.
Outcome/Subgroup | Pooled effect size early after intervention | Pooled effect size at the end of the trials |
|---|---|---|
Shoulder function improvement | ||
Aspects of approaches | ||
Anterior | 0.28 (−0.10 to 0.65) | 0.36 (−0.04 to 0.76) |
Posterior | 0.67 (−0.44 to 1.78) | 0.17 (−0.29 to 0.63) |
Guiding techniques | ||
Landmark | −0.01 (−0.47 to 0.46) | −0.20 (−0.67 to 0.27) |
Ultrasound | 0.90 (−0.45 to 2.25) | 0.34 (−0.27 to 0.95) |
Fluoroscopy | 0.28 (−0.10 to 0.65) | 0.36 (−0.04 to 0.76) |
Doses of intervention | ||
Single | 0.71 (−0.12 to 1.54) | 0.30 (−0.04 to 0.64) |
Multiple | 0.02 (−0.3 to 0.35) | −0.20 (−0.67 to 0.27) |
External rotation improvement | ||
Aspects of approaches | ||
Anterior | 0.41 (−(−0.03 to 0.86) | 0.06 (−0.34 to 0.45) |
Posterior | 0.57 (−0.08 to 1.21) | 0.37 (−0.27 to 1.02) |
Guiding techniques | ||
Landmark | 0.77 (−0.81 to 2.34) | −0.06 (−0.53 to 0.40) |
Ultrasound | 0.41 (−0.26 to 1.08) | 0.52 (−0.27 to 1.32) |
Fluoroscopy | 0.41 (−0.03 to 0.86) | 0.06 (−0.34 to 0.45) |
Doses of intervention | ||
Single | 0.50 (0.15 to 0.85) | 0.35 (−0.17 to 0.87) |
Multiple | 0.49 (−0.32 to 1.31) | −0.06 (−0.53 to 0.40) |
Internal rotation improvement | ||
Aspects of approaches | ||
Anterior | 0.12 (−0.24 to 0.48) | 0.11 (−0.28 to 0.51) |
Posterior | 0.17 (−0.07 to 0.42) | −0.02 (−0.27 to 0.22) |
Guiding techniques | ||
Landmark | 0.06 (−0.41 to 0.52) | 0.01 (−0.46 to 0.48) |
Ultrasound | 0.20 (−0.14 to 0.54) | −0.03 (−0.32 to 0.26) |
Fluoroscopy | 0.12 (−0.24 to 0.48) | 0.11 (−0.28 to 0.51) |
Doses of intervention | ||
Single | 0.26 (0.02 to 0.49) | 0.02 (−0.21 to 0.25) |
Multiple | −0.07 (−0.39 to 0.26) | 0.01 (−0.46 to 0.48) |
Abduction improvement | ||
Aspects of approaches | ||
Anterior | −0.05 (−0.42 to 0.31) | 0.18 (−0.46 to 0.81) |
Posterior | 0.80(−0.00 to 1.60) | 0.15 (−0.11 to 0.41) |
Guiding techniques | ||
Landmark | 1.05 (−0.50 to 2.60) | 0.36 (−0.11to 0.84) |
Ultrasound | 0.43 (−0.07 to 0.92) | 0.06 (−0.26 to 0.37) |
Fluoroscopy | −0.05 (−0.42 to 0.31) | 0.18 (−0.46 to 0.81) |
Doses of intervention | ||
Single | 0.17 (−0.41 to 0.74) | 0.08 (−0.20 to 0.36) |
Multiple | 0.66 (−0.25 to 1.56) | 0.36 (−0.11 to 0.84) |
Flexion improvement | ||
Aspects of approaches | ||
Anterior | −0.05 (−0.42 to 0.31) | 0.18 (−0.46 to 0.81) |
Posterior | 0.80 (−0.00 to 1.60) | 0.23 (−0.11 to 0.57) |
Guiding techniques | ||
Landmark | 1.05 (−0.5 to 2.60) | 0.36 (−0.11 to 0.84) |
Ultrasound | 0.43 (−0.07 to 0.92) | 0.09 (−0.40 to 0.58) |
Fluoroscopy | −0.05 (−0.42 to 0.31) | 0.18 (−0.46 to 0.81) |
Doses of intervention | ||
Single | 0.17 (−0.41 to 0.74) | 0.12 (−0.26 to 0.51) |
Multiple | 0.66 (−0.25 to 1.56) | 0.36 (−0.11 to 0.84) |
