Table 2 Nucleotide pools in E. coli throughout the growth curve. E. coli cultures were grown in defined minimal MOPS medium supplemented with 0.4% glucose at 37 °C with vigorous aeration and samples were removed for nucleotide measurements. The cell volumes necessary for calculation of absolute concentrations were estimated using a method provided in Supplementary Methods. The data are plotted as a function of time on (Fig. 4). Growth phase specific values are provided for guanosines and pyrimidines because the quotient was less stable than that for adenosines. When growth phase is not specified, the number provided corresponds to the mean value over all growth phases. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. NA: not available.

Adenosines

ATP

80_{[77; 83]}

2200_{[1900; 2600]}

ADP

16_{[14; 18]}

430_{[370; 500]}

AMP

3.2_{[2.7; 3.8]}

88_{[72; 110]}

Guanosines

GTP

67_{[62; 72]}

900_{[760; 1100]}

  exponential

75_{[69; 81]}

1100_{[870; 1400]}

  transition

54_{[44; 67]}

1100_{[630; 1900]}

  stationary

67_{[61; 73]}

690_{[530; 880]}

GDP

12_{[9.7; 15]}

160_{[130; 200]}

  exponential

15_{[13; 18]}

220_{[180; 270]}

  transition

7.7_{[4.9; 12]}

180_{[110; 290]}

  stationary

12_{[7.5; 18]}

120_{[73; 200]}

GMP + IMP

4_{[3.4; 4.7]}

58_{[49; 69]}

  exponential

3.9_{[3.1; 5.0]}

62_{[48; 80]}

  transition

3.6_{[2.6; 5.0]}

84_{[58; 120]}

  stationary

4.3_{[3.1; 5.9]}

46_{[35; 59]}

ppGpp

8.1_{[5.2; 13]}

120_{[72; 200]}

  exponential

2.7_{[1.8; 3.9]}

40_{[25; 67]}

  transition

34_{[23; 50]}

810_{[420; 1600]}

  stationary

13_{[9.7; 18]}

150_{[100; 220]}

NTPs

CTP

12_{[10; 14]}

570_{[450; 720]}

  exponential

7.9_{[4.7; 13]}

360_[160;780]

  stationary

13_{[11; 16]}

710_{[530; 950]}

UTP

20_{[18; 23]}

970_{[790; 1200]}

  exponential

12_{[9.6; 15]}

510_{[360; 710]}

  stationary

24_{[23; 26]}

1300_{[1000; 1600]}

ATP

46_{[44; 48]}

GTP

20_{[18; 23]}

  exponential

28_{[26; 31]}

  transition

15_{[13; 16]}

stationary

16_{[15; 16]}

AEC

ATP, ADP, AMP

88_{[86; 90]}