Table 2 Mean values ± SD of the removal efficiency of biogas CO₂ and pollutants removal of different C/N ratio at three different methods of treatments. Values with different superscript letters in the same column for the same method of treatments indicate significant differences at p = 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range tests.

From: Effects of influent C/N ratios and treatment technologies on integral biogas upgrading and pollutants removal from synthetic domestic sewage

C/N ratio		Effluent			Upgraded biogas	Biomass productivity
C/N ratio		COD Removal (%)	TN Removal (%)	TP Removal (%)	Concentration of CH₄ (%,v/v)	Mean daily productivity (g L⁻¹ d⁻¹)
Mono-algae culture
C2.5N1-COD100	Low COD level	69.34^b ± 2.18	69.83^b ± 2.18	62.91^c ± 3.24	86.33^b ± 2.93	0.18^b ± 0.02
C5N1-COD200	Medium COD level	72.09^b ± 3.26	71.89^a,b ± 3.26	69.34^b ± 3.11	92.54^a ± 4.57	0.24^a ± 0.02
C10N1-COD400	High COD level	67.07^b ± 3.43	68.45^b ± 3.43	63.95^c ± 2.96	88.21^a,b ± 3.09	0.16^b ± 0.01
C10N1-TN20	Low TN level	72.58^b ± 2.97	75.16^a ± 2.97	70.48^a,b ± 3.17	87.95^b ± 3.38	0.19^b ± 0.02
C5N1-TN40	Medium TN level	77.64^a ± 4.35	77.06^a,b ± 4.35	73.06^a ± 4.35	93.62^a ± 3.47	0.25^a ± 0.03
C2.5N1-TN80	High TN level	68.75^b ± 3.82	75.38^a ± 3.82	68.72^b ± 2.76	85.47^b ± 3.92	0.17^b ± 0.01
Algal-fungal culture
C2.5N1-COD100	Low COD level	78.65^a ± 4.02	75.08^b ± 5.12	75.94^b ± 4.09	90.58^ab ± 3.46	0.35^b ± 0.04
C5N1-COD200	Medium COD level	81.92^a ± 4.57	79.35^a ± 4.26	79.88^a ± 3.87	93.04^a ± 2.11	0.44^a ± 0.05
C10N1-COD400	High COD level	79.11^a ± 2.43	75.54^b ± 4.08	77.81^a,b ± 4.16	89.37^b ± 3.92	0.29^c ± 0.02
C10N1-TN20	Low TN level	79.13^a ± 3.77	78.42^a ± 3.17	78.47^b ± 3.57	91.04^a,b ± 3.76	0.39^b ± 0.03
C5N1-TN40	Medium TN level	80.64^a ± 3.92	81.66^a ± 6.61	81.52^a ± 3.98	93.25^a ± 3.84	0.43^a ± 0.04
C2.5N1-TN80	High TN level	79.35^a ± 5.08	75.15^b ± 5.05	74.44^b ± 3.19	88.83^b ± 4.37	0.31^bc ± 0.02
Algal-bacterial culture
C2.5N1-COD100	Low COD level	74.79^b ± 3.56	76.95^b ± 3.27	69.08^c ± 4.02	88.42^ab ± 3.58	0.23^ab ± 0.03
C5N1-COD200	Medium COD level	77.41^a,b ± 4.81	79.48^a ± 2.99	75.84^a,b ± 2.98	91.54^a ± 2.77	0.26^a ± 0.02
C10N1-COD400	High COD level	71.60^c ± 3.25	75.32^b ± 4.81	70.39^c ± 4.57	88.53^b ± 3.01	0.17^c ± 0.02
C10N1-TN20	Low TN level	78.17^a ± 5.79	79.83^a ± 3.18	74.60^a,b ± 3.66	90.39^a,b ± 3.54	0.28^a ± 0.03
C5N1-TN40	Medium TN level	80.59^a ± 3.99	82.28^a ± 3.36	77.02^a ± 4.09	91.75^a ± 2.46	0.24^a ± 0.02
C2.5N1-TN80	High TN level	75.02^b ± 4.17	75.11^b ± 2.56	74.79^b ± 3.43	86.19^b ± 3.45	0.21^b ± 0.02

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