Table 3 Odds ratios (95% CIs) of hearing loss by pack-years of smoking.

From: The combined effect of cigarette smoking and occupational noise exposure on hearing loss: evidence from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort Study

Pack-years of smoking #

N

Model 1*

Model 2

Model 3

Total

    

0

7484

ref

ref

ref

0 ~ <25

1501

2.05(1.82–2.32)

1.33(1.14–1.55)

1.29(1.10–1.51)

≥25

1717

2.36(2.10–2.66)

1.46(1.25–1.70)

1.42(1.21–1.66)

Sex

    

Male

    

 0

1600

ref

ref

ref

 0 ~ <25

1372

1.04(0.89–1.22)

1.25(1.06–1.48)

1.22(1.02–1.45)

 ≥25

1666

1.18(1.01–1.38)

1.40(1.19–1.65)

1.37(1.16–1.62)

Female

    

 0

5884

ref

ref

ref

 0 ~ <25

129

2.10(1.44–3.06)

1.57(1.04–2.36)

1.54(1.02–2.33)

 ≥25

51

2.68(1.42–5.05)

1.43(0.71–2.88)

1.42(0.71–2.84)

Age Group, y

    

 <60

    

0

1610

ref

ref

ref

0~ <25

88

1.94(1.26–2.99)

2.11(1.20–3.70)

2.00(1.13–3.54)

 ≥25

58

1.38(0.80–2.38)

1.54(0.76–3.11)

1.48(0.72–3.05)

60 ~ < 70

    

 0

3517

ref

ref

ref

 0 ~ <25

798

1.84(1.56–2.16)

1.15(0.94–1.41)

1.15(0.93–1.42)

 ≥25

946

2.07(1.78–2.42)

1.26(1.03–1.54)

1.26(1.03–1.55)

 ≥70

    

 0

2357

ref

ref

ref

 0~ <25

615

1.30(1.03–1.63)

1.27(0.99–1.64)

1.22(0.94–1.58)

 ≥25

713

1.53(1.22–1.93)

1.51(1.17–1.94)

1.45(1.11–1.88)

  1. *Unadjusted.
  2. Adjusted for age/sex.
  3. Adjusted for age/sex, race, shift work, occupational noise exposure, drinking status, hypertension, ototoxicity medicine, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke).
  4. #The sample sizes vary slightly because of missing data.