Table 4 Reactions added to the default Geant4-DNA chemical module27,28,29. The last reaction simulates the histone protein as an “absorber”: histone absorbs any molecule that directly touches it (no reaction rate is attributed to it).

From: Simulation of early DNA damage after the irradiation of a fibroblast cell nucleus using Geant4-DNA

Reaction

Reaction rate (109M −1 · s −1)

2-deoxyribose + OH

2.5

Adenine + OH

6.10

Guanine + OH

9.20

Thymine + OH

6.40

Cytosine + OH

6.10

Histone + molecule → histonemodified