Figure 5

(a) Stimulation settings for paired VNS therapy. The lower panel shows the stimulation settings (0.8 mA, 30 Hz), which overlaps with the tone. Each VNS tone pairing was presented every 30 seconds, for approximately 2.5 hrs per session over a period of 24 hrs. (b) Stimulation settings for the Unpaired (Control) group. During each session, participants received 10 minutes of tones only, 5 minutes of silence and no VNS; 2 hours of VNS only; 5 minutes of silence and no VNS, and 10 minutes of tones only.