Table 2 Mean differences in VMB bacteria concentrations in women with a Nugent score of 0–3 during five visits over eight weeks by presence and phase of the menstrual cycle, presence of PSA and recent vaginal cleansing.

From: A longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microbiota and vaginal immune mediators in women from sub-Saharan Africa

VMB bacteria	Women with cycle, follicular phase visits			Women with cycle, luteal phase visits vs follicular phase visits		Amenorrhoea (all visits) vs women with cycle (all visits)		Visits with PSA present vs not, among follicular phase visits with no recent vaginal cleansing reported		Visits with recent vaginal cleansing reported vs not, among follicular phase visits with PSA absent
VMB bacteria	Mean conc¹	SD between²	SD within²	Mean diff³	p⁴	Mean diff⁵	p⁴	Mean diff⁶	p⁴	Mean diff⁷	p⁴
Lactobacillus genus	7.62	0.60	0.73	0.20	0.124	−0.55	0.023	−0.39	0.010	−0.27	0.146
L. crispatus	6.76	1.34	1.56	0.49	0.245	−1.33	0.091	−0.30	0.529	−0.05	0.939
L. iners	8.36	0.62	1.29	−0.25	0.356	0.08	0.811	−0.75	0.008	−0.32	0.272
L. jensenii	5.79	1.41	1.32	0.85	0.066	−0.30	0.785	0.36	0.476	0.12	0.842
L. vaginalis	5.84	0.92	1.31	−0.19	0.545	0.75	0.192	0.01	0.980	0.50	0.239
E. coli	5.26	<0.001	1.18	−0.75	0.020	0.14	0.637	0.10	0.757	−0.26	0.373
P. bivia	3.00	0.31	0.81	−0.16	0.346	0.27	0.199	−0.38	0.045	0.03	0.880

Abbreviations: conc = concentration; diff = difference; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; SD = standard deviation; VMB = vaginal microbiota; vs = versus.
¹Expressed in log₁₀ genome equivalents per mL (geq/ml). The expected value for women with a menstrual cycle in the follicular phase of the cycle.
²The between-women and within-women standard deviations.
³The mean difference in concentration (log₁₀ geq/ml) between the luteal and follicular phases of the cycle for women with a menstrual cycle.
⁴From the mixed effects linear regression models with each item in the first column as the outcome, individual women as random effects, and fixed effects as described in the first row of the table. For women with the bacteria present during at least 75% of visits and excluding the visits during which the bacteria was absent. We only included VMB bacteria that were consistently present (in at least 75% of the visits) in at least 25% of women.
⁵The mean difference in concentration (log₁₀ geq/ml) between women with amenorrhoea (all visits) and women with a cycle (all visits).
⁶The mean difference in concentration (log₁₀ geq/ml) between visits with PSA present versus not present for visits with the same presence and phase of menstrual cycle and the same vaginal cleansing status.
⁷The mean difference in concentration (log₁₀ geq/ml) between visits at which reporting recent vaginal cleansing was reported versus not reported among visits with the same presence and phase of menstrual cycle and the same PSA status.

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Table 2 Mean differences in VMB bacteria concentrations in women with a Nugent score of 0–3 during five visits over eight weeks by presence and phase of the menstrual cycle, presence of PSA and recent vaginal cleansing.

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