Table 5 Longitudinal associations between VMB bacteria and immune mediator concentrations among all visits of all 80 women (with Nugent 0–3 throughout and with incident BV) over the eight week study period.

	IL-1α		IL-8		IL-12(p70)		IP-10		Elafin		PSA		Amenorrhoea		Luteal phase
	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹	Est.¹	p¹
Triple taxa qPCR vaginal health score²	−1.14	0.005	−1.55	0.002	−1.80	<0.001	2.53	<0.001	0.34	0.383	−1.07	0.002	0.80	0.160	0.52	0.118
Lactobacillus genus³	0.02	0.939	−0.75	0.003	−0.42	0.105	0.92	<0.001	−0.21	0.301	−0.49	0.005	−0.37	0.135	0.34	0.054
L. crispatus ³	0.49	0.353	−0.49	0.466	−0.05	0.921	0.79	0.098	−0.39	0.317	−0.55	0.218	−1.36	0.053	0.29	0.452
L. iners ³	−0.58	0.020	0.77	0.010	−0.50	0.108	0.49	0.011	−0.42	0.078	−0.38	0.076	−0.26	0.280	−0.10	0.696
L. vaginalis ³	0.24	0.563	0.60	0.289	−0.25	0.562	−0.43	0.276	−0.00	0.991	−0.14	0.688	0.18	0.722	−0.06	0.849
P. bivia ³	0.52	0.004	0.78	0.001	0.03	0.917	−0.69	<0.001	0.20	0.296	−0.05	0.759	−0.29	0.214	−0.19	0.268
E. coli ³	−0.00	0.995	0.55	0.049	−0.60	0.054	0.28	0.139	−0.05	0.832	0.29	0.160	−0.05	0.812	−0.14	0.491

Abbreviations: BV = bacterial vaginosis; Est = model estimate; IL = interleukin; IP-10 = interferon-inducible protein 10; qPCR = quantitative polymerase chain reaction; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; VMB = vaginal microbiota; vs = versus.
¹From mixed effects multiple regression models with each item in the first column as the outcome, individual women as random effects, and fixed effects for all variables in the first row.
²log₁₀ geq/ml (Lactobacillus genus)−log₁₀ geq/ml (G. vaginalis + A. vaginae).
³For women with the bacteria present during at least 75% of visits and excluding the visits during which the bacteria was absent. We only included VMB bacteria that were consistently present (in at least 75% of the visits) in at least 25% of women.

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