Table 2 Changes in ruminal fermentation parameters in goat rumen fluid.

pH

0d

6.89 ± 0.03

6.88 ± 0.03

6.88 ± 0.03

6.87 ± 0.04

0.215

0.893

0.504

0.714

20d

6.87 ± 0.05

6.82 ± 0.04

6.78 ± 0.04

6.74 ± 0.01

0.48

0.054

0.006^a

0.119

60d

6.95 ± 0.01

6.92 ± 0.06

6.85 ± 0.27

6.79 ± 0.03

0.49

0.659

0.515

0.024

Ammonia (mg/100 mL)

0d

11.19 ± 0.21

11.19 ± 0.36

11.01 ± 0.24

11.06 ± 0.22

0.99

0.067

0.256

0.334

20d

9.55 ± 0.29

8.86 ± 0.31

12.53 ± 0.42

11.95 ± 0.37

0.016^a

0.189

0.003^a

0.003^a

60d

10.32 ± 0.15

9.64 ± 0.33

17.79 ± 0.86

16.49 ± 0.51

0.008^a

0.108

0.001^a

0.001^a

T-VFA (mmol/L)

0d

75.59 ± 1.27

75.48 ± 0.89

75.28 ± 1.39

75.33 ± 1.18

0.801

0.916

0.591

0.734

20d

69.22 ± 1.25

88.83 ± 2.13

86.97 ± 2.27

72.67 ± 2.23

0.001^a

0.001^a

0.001^a

0.002^a

60d

63.97 ± 1.52

68.83 ± 1.85

69.03 ± 2.20

62.57 ± 1.68

0.06

0.007^a

0.001^a

0.043^a

Acetate (mmol/l)

0d

51.70 ± 1.60

51.61 ± 0.91

51.46 ± 1.59

51.31 ± 1.52

0.849

0.76

0.73

0.719

20d

46.21 ± 1.50

61.12 ± 1.99

61.52 ± 2.25

48.58 ± 1.75

0.004^a

0.001^a

0.001^a

0.002^a

60d

41.94 ± 1.36

45.51 ± 2.07

46.91 ± 1.78

40.14 ± 1.54

0.096

0.002^a

0.003^a

0.064

Propionate (mmol/l)

0d

15.30 ± 0.40

15.27 ± 0.20

15.22 ± 0.34

15.41 ± 0.41

0.909

0.354

0.671

0.573

20d

14.38 ± 0.48

19.05 ± 0.85

15.26 ± 0.71

15.47 ± 0.88

0.003^a

0.52

0.003^a

0.02^a

60d

13.24 ± 0.47

14.43 ± 0.73

12.88 ± 0.58

13.46 ± 0.60

0.099

0.374

0.523

0.039^a

Butyrate (mmol/l)

0d

8.60 ± 0.15

8.59 ± 0.14

8.60 ± 0.19

8.61 ± 0.23

0.945

0.782

0.885

0.926

20d

8.64 ± 0.44

8.67 ± 0.30

10.20 ± 0.58

8.61 ± 0.53

0.838

0.021^a

0.033^a

0.863

60d

8.79 ± 0.34

8.88 ± 0.52

9.24 ± 0.22

8.98 ± 0.17

0.507

0.124

0.108

0.711

Acetate + Butyrate to Propionate ratio

0d

3.95 ± 0.20

3.94 ± 0.09

3.95 ± 0.17

3.89 ± 0.19

0.906

0.195

0.973

0.634

20d

3.82 ± 0.17

3.67 ± 0.24

4.71 ± 0.26

3.71 ± 0.24

0.512

0.002^a

0.002^a

0.887

60d

3.84 ± 0.21

3.78 ± 0.23

4.36 ± 0.15

3.65 ± 0.23

0.672

0.026^a

0.069

0.238

Urea nitrogen (mg/mL)

0d

1.78 ± 0.03

1.74 ± 0.08

1.79 ± 0.06

1.77 ± 0.04

0.229

0.432

0.924

0.409

20d

1.96 ± 0.17

1.77 ± 0.22

3.07 ± 0.61

2.09 ± 0.38

0.215

0.037^a

0.05

0.304

60d

2.59 ± 0.28

2.55 ± 0.27

3.83 ± 0.66

2.63 ± 0.58

0.898

0.116

0.081

0.766

MCP (mg/mL)

0d

1.30 ± 0.07

1.31 ± 0.04

1.33 ± 0.05

1.33 ± 0.04

0.88

0.486

0.607

0.221

20d

1.35 ± 0.03

1.37 ± 0.09

2.31 ± 0.48

2.39 ± 0.09

0.613

0.794

0.025^a

0.001^a

60d

1.33 ± 0.02

1.35 ± 0.04

3.04 ± 0.33

3.60 ± 0.26

0.67

0.003^a

0.002^a

0.001^a