Figure 2

The evolution of body weight (A) and the cumulative energy intake (B) in male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation. Body weight was recorded twice weekly and energy intake was documented every 10 days. Both parameters were analysed by a repeated measures (RM-) ANOVA with time as a within-subject factor and diet (STD or CAF) and metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) as between-subject factors. When the interaction between diet and time was statistically significant according to RM-ANOVA, another RM-ANOVA was also used to analyse the effects of time and metabolic programming within the STD and the CAF groups. When a significant interaction between metabolic programming effect and time was found within the STD groups under the RM-ANOVA, Student’s t test was used to compute pairwise comparisons between these groups. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13). t: effect of time; D: effect of the type of diet; Dxt: the interaction between diet and time; P: metabolic programming effect of GSPE; txP: the interaction between time and metabolic programming effect of GSPE (p < 0.05, RM-ANOVA). The arrow indicates the day from which significant differences in body weight between the CAF and STD groups were found, i.e., the effect of diet type (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). *Metabolic programming effect of GSPE within STD groups (Student’s t test, p < 0.05).