Table 6 Correlation between gestational weight gain and pregnancy complications, delivery outcome.

Weight gain in the second trimester (kg)

5.8 ± 2.0

8.3 ± 1.7

9.6 ± 1.8

12.1 ± 2.6

0.001

Weight gain in the third trimester (kg)

3.8 ± 1.9

4.9 ± 1.6

6.5 ± 1.8

8.7 ± 2.5

<0.001

Neonate weight (kg)

3.16 ± 0.65

3.30 ± 0.49

3.34 ± 0.48

3.46 ± 0.49

0.061

Baseline BMI (kg/m ² )

22.7 ± 3.5

21.5 ± 3.0

21.4 ± 3.0

21.3 ± 2.7

<0.001

Abortion (n(%))

16.9 (33)

12.1 (31)

19.0 (52)

14.2 (35)

0.137

Induction of labour (n(%))

1.5 (3)

0.4 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.4 (1)

0.136

Neonatal death (n(%))

3.1 (6)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

<0.001

Stillbirth (n(%))

1.5 (3)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.007

Preterm birth (n(%))

11.6 (22)

3.5 (9)

2.6 (7)

3.7 (9)

<0.001

Abnormality of umbilical cord (n(%))

34.9 (68)

36.6 (94)

30.8 (84)

34.1 (84)

0.552

Abnormality of amniotic fluid (n(%))

11.3 (22)

13.2 (34)

14.3 (39)

16.7 (41)

0.425

Abnormality of placenta (n(%))

1.5 (3)

0.8 (2)

0.7 (2)

0.0 (0)

0.306

Dystocia (n(%))

0.5 (1)

1.6 (4)

0.4 (1)

1.6 (4)

0.355

weight gain < 12.0 (n = 162)

12.0 ≤ weight gain <15.0 (n = 226)

15.0 ≤ weight gain <18.0 (n = 221)

weight gain ≥ 18.0 (n = 211)

P value

Puerperal infection (n(%))

1.0 (2)

1.6 (4)

1.1 (3)

1.6 (4)

0.917

Foetal distress (n(%))

11.7 (22)

9.0 (23)

13.2 (36)

10.2 (25)

0.446

Macrosomia (n(%))

5.3 (10)

5.9 (15)

6.6 (18)

13.5 (33)

0.002

Low-birth weight infant (n(%))

10.0 (19)

3.9 (10)

3.7 (10)

2.5 (6)

0.001

Foetal anomaly (n(%))

2.6 (5)

0.4 (1)

0.7 (2)

0.8 (2)

0.117

GDM (n(%))

18.5 (36)

14.4 (37)

12.8 (35)

7.7 (19)

0.009

Gestational hypertension (n(%))

3.1 (6)

5.4 (14)

5.1 (14)

6.1 (15)

0.525

Preeclampsia/eclampsia (n(%))

2.6 (6)

1.9 (5)

1.1 (3)

2.4 (6)

0.632