Table 2 Estimated mediation of the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cataract by liver function^a.

Outcome: subtype of cataract	Total effect (through path c)^b	Mediator	Direct effect (through path c’)^b	Indirect effect (through path a and b)^b
Predictor: HBV infection
Nuclear	1.09 (1.02–1.16), 0.008	High AST	1.08 (1.00–1.16), 0.051	1.01 (0.98–1.04), 0.380
Nuclear	1.09 (1.02–1.16), 0.008	High ALT	1.08 (1.00–1.16), 0.049	1.02 (0.99–1.04), 0.191
Any	1.07 (1.00–1.14), 0.048	High AST	1.03 (0.96–1.12), 0.390	1.03 (1.00–1.06), 0.023
Any	1.07 (1.00–1.14), 0.048	High ALT	1.05 (0.97–1.13), 0.220	1.02 (1.00–1.05), 0.076
Predictor: HCV infection
Nuclear	1.35 (1.18–1.55), <0.001	High AST	1.39 (1.17–1.64), <0.001	0.97 (0.92–1.03), 0.346
Nuclear	1.35 (1.18–1.55), <0.001	High ALT	1.35 (1.16–1.57), <0.001	1.00 (0.98–1.03), 0.955
Any	1.40 (1.12–1.76), 0.003	High AST	1.42 (1.09–1.85), 0.010	0.99 (0.93–1.05), 0.759
Any	1.40 (1.12–1.76), 0.003	High ALT	1.40 (1.10–1.78), 0.006	1.00 (0.97–1.03), 0.864

Table shows ORs (95% CIs), P values. ^aBold indicates significance. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking amount, alcohol consumption, metabolic equivalence task, education, household income, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sun exposure, and family history of eye diseases. ^bPathways are described in Fig. 2. ^cHigh aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is defined as AST >49.9 IU/L. ^dHigh alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is defined as ALT >56.1 IU/L. Goodness of fit measures for all mediation models were: the models’ relative χ² = 1.34 to 1.97 with P values > 0.05, RMSEA = 0.006 to 0.010, and CFI = 0.992 to 0.999. The mediation analysis results for the relationship between HBV infection and any cataract was also shown in Fig. 2.

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