Table 2 Parameters for different models with number of P atoms in ribbon and a CNT with different length. Marks ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ in ‘Success’ indicate if a ribbon successfully or unsuccessfully forms into a nanotube, respectively. “*” means 200 ps of relaxation before releasing BP ribbon.

From: Self-assembly of a parallelogram black phosphorus ribbon into a nanotube

BP ribbon

P atoms

CNT

R/nm

S/nm

Success?

BP ribbon

P atoms

CNT

R/nm

S/nm

Success?

I: N 1 = 1

204

(5, 5)

0.339

0

No

II: N 1 = 5

484

(5, 5)

0.339

0

No

(20, 20)

1.356

0

No

(20, 20)

1.356

0

No

III: N 1 = 11

904

(20, 20)

1.356

−3.98

No*

IV: N 1 = 34

2514

(20, 20)

1.356

0.5

No

(20, 20)

1.356

−3.98

No

(25, 25)

1.695

0.5

No

(10, 10)

0.678

0.5

No

(28, 28)

1.799

0.5

No

(10, 10)

0.678

0

No

(30, 30)

2.034

0.5

No

(8, 8)

0.529

0

Yes

(32, 32)

2.170

0.5

Yes

(7, 7)

0.475

0

Yes

(35, 35)

2.373

0.5

Yes

(6, 6)

0.407

0

Yes

(37, 37)

2.509

0.5

Yes