Table 1 Characteristics of patients with AKI with or without operations.
Total | Without operations | With operations | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients Demographics | 2898 | 1839 | 1059 | |
Age group, years (x ± SD) | 62.3 ± 17.3 | 64.1 ± 17.5 | 59.3 ± 16.5 | <0.001 |
Aged 18–39 | 308 (10.6%) | 183 (10.0%) | 125 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
Aged 40–59 | 889 (30.7%) | 510 (27.7%) | 379 (35.8%) | |
Aged 60–79 | 1159 (40.0%) | 728 (39.6%) | 431 (40.7%) | |
Aged ≥80 | 542 (18.7%) | 418 (22.7%) | 124 (11.7%) | |
Male, n (%) | 1884 (65.0%) | 1173 (63.8%) | 711 (67.1%) | 0.068 |
Region | ||||
North | 791 (27.3%) | 509 (27.7%) | 282 (26.6%) | 0.088 |
Northwest | 1333 (46.0%) | 824 (44.8%) | 509 (48.1%) | |
Southeast | 280 (9.7%) | 171 (9.3%) | 109 (10.3%) | |
Southwest | 494 (17.0%) | 335 (18.2%) | 159 (15.0%) | |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Previous CVD | 992 (34.2%) | 756 (41.1%) | 236 (22.3%) | <0.001 |
Previous HT | 1232 (42.5%) | 846 (46.0%) | 386 (36.5%) | <0.001 |
Previous DM | 584 (20.2%) | 415 (22.6%) | 169 (16.0%) | <0.001 |
Pre-exsisting CKD | 684 (23.6%) | 512 (27.8%) | 172 (16.2%) | <0.001 |
Malignancy | 727 (25.1%) | 400 (21.8%) | 327 (30.9%) | <0.001 |
Cause of AKI, n (%) | ||||
Pre-renal | 1621 (55.9%) | 977 (53.1%) | 644 (60.8%) | <0.001 |
Intrinsic-renal | 795 (27.4%) | 541 (29.4%) | 254 (24.0%) | 0.002 |
Post-renal | 133 (4.59%) | 87 (4.73%) | 46 (4.34%) | 0.632 |
Unclassified | 349 (12.0%) | 234 (12.7%) | 115 (10.9%) | 0.137 |
Injury factors, n(%) | ||||
Hypoperfusion | 2319 (80.0%) | 1463 (79.6%) | 856 (80.8%) | 0.408 |
Nephrotoxicity | 2444 (84.3%) | 1543 (83.9%) | 901 (85.1%) | 0.402 |
Sepsis | 225 (7.8%) | 138 (7.5%) | 87 (8.2%) | 0.491 |
Others | 1529 (52.8%) | 877 (47.7%) | 652 (61.6%) | <0.001 |
Drugs, n (%) | ||||
Aminoglycosides | 120 (4.1%) | 55 (3.0%) | 65 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
Vancomycin | 176 (6.1%) | 94 (5.1%) | 82 (7.7%) | 0.004 |
Antifungal drugs | 298 (10.3%) | 202 (11.0%) | 96 (9.1%) | 0.101 |
Antiviral durgs | 177 (6.1%) | 129 (7.0%) | 48 (4.5%) | 0.007 |
Antibiotics | 1448 (50.0%) | 838 (45.6%) | 610 (57.6%) | <0.001 |
NSAIDs | 423 (14.6%) | 248 (13.5%) | 175 (16.5%) | 0.0256 |
Immunosuppressive agents | 154 (5.31%) | 79 (4.3%) | 75 (7.1%) | <0.001 |
Chemotherapy drugs | 176 (6.1%) | 122 (6.6%) | 54 (5.1%) | 0.096 |
Chinese herbal medicine | 49 (1.7%) | 36 (2.0%) | 13 (1.2%) | 0.142 |
others | 1910 (65.9%) | 1266 (68.8%) | 644 (60.8%) | <0.001 |
AKI stage, n(%) | ||||
1 | 1474 (50.9%) | 967 (52.6%) | 507 (47.9%) | 0.032 |
2 | 746 (25.7%) | 448 (24.4%) | 298 (28.1%) | |
3 | 678 (23.4%) | 424 (23.1%) | 254 (24.0%) | |
Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||
MODS | 471 (16.3%) | 323 (17.6%) | 148 (14.0%) | 0.012 |
ARDS | 224 (7.7%) | 141 (7.7%) | 83 (7.8%) | 0.869 |
SEPSIS | 225 (7.8%) | 138 (7.5%) | 87 (8.2%) | 0.491 |
SHOCK | 414 (14.3%) | 240 (13.1%) | 174 (16.4%) | 0.012 |
DIC | 47 (1.62%) | 24 (1.31%) | 23 (2.17%) | 0.075 |
Treatment of AKI, n(%) | ||||
Specialist consultant | ||||
Renal referral | 492 (17.0%) | 348 (18.9%) | 144 (13.6%) | <0.001 |
RRT | 169 (5.8%) | 111 (6.0%) | 58 (5.5%) | 0.536 |
RRT indication | 316 (10.9%) | 211 (11.5%) | 105 (9.9%) | 0.195 |
Hospital stay, (day) | 20 (11–34) | 19 (10–32) | 22 (13–36) | <0.001 |
In-hospital mortality, n (%)* | 572 (20.1%) | 392 (21.7%) | 180 (17.4%) | 0.006 |
Renal prognosis, n (%) | ||||
Recovery | 1717 (59.3%) | 1015 (55.2%) | 702 (66.3%) | <0.001 |
Recurred* | 138 (4.9%) | 81 (4.5%) | 57 (5.6%) | 0.206 |
Maintenance RRT* | 60 (47.2%) | 44 (50.0%) | 16 (41.0%) | 0.350 |
Diagnosis* | 0.018 | |||
Omission diagnosis, n (%) | 2335 (80.9%) | 1461 (79.7%) | 874 (83.0%) | |
Delayed diagnosis, n (%) | 139 (4.8%) | 83 (4.5%) | 56 (5.3%) | |
Immediate diagnosis, n (%) | 412 (14.3%) | 289 (15.8%) | 123 (11.7%) | |
