Figure 4

Multi-electron turnstile behavior. (a–c) Energy band diagrams of three representative electro-magnetic configurations of the transistor. Here we set \({n}_{g}=0\) and \(e{V}_{SD}={{\rm{\Delta }}}_{0}/2\). It clearly appears the influence of the magnetic flux on the number of excess charges on the island being in the blockade regime and at fixed bias voltage. The empty and the full branches of the quasiparticles DOSs are vertically shifted by the external magnetic flux loading or unloading different charging levels. (d–f) Stability diagrams showing the calculated differential conductance \((G=\frac{\partial {I}_{SD}}{\partial {V}_{SD}})\) for the three different charge configurations (see Supplementary Information Fig. S1 for more stability diagrams). RGB channels are proportional to the probability to find an electron in different island energy levels. Pure red, green and blue colors correspond to blockaded regions (Coulomb diamonds). Black circles represent the configurations depicted in the diagrams of panels (a-c) and correspond to the selected charge states indicated by the dot-dashed lines in panels (g–i). g–i, Corresponding measured differential conductance stability diagrams. Plots (a), (d) and (g) were obtained for \({{\rm{\Phi }}}_{B}=0.359{{\rm{\Phi }}}_{0}\). In (b), (e) and (h) we set \({{\rm{\Phi }}}_{B}=0.393{{\rm{\Phi }}}_{0}\) whereas in (c), (f) and (i) we set \({{\rm{\Phi }}}_{B}=0.5{{\rm{\Phi }}}_{0}\). All measurements were taken at 21 mK of bath temperature.