Figure 2

(a) J–V characteristics of ion gel film without passivation and with 3-nm-thick Al2O3 passivation layer, measured from room temperature to 100 °C. (b) Temperature-dependent current density of hybrid structure with various thicknesses of Al2O3 passivation layer, measured at 3 V bias. Inset: log-scale plot. (c) Schematics of current mechanism at metal–ion gel and metal–Al2O3–ion gel interfaces.