Table 1 Transthoracic echocardiography examination of all the dogs at week 0 and week 12.

From: Metoprolol prevents chronic obstructive sleep apnea-induced atrial fibrillation by inhibiting structural, sympathetic nervous and metabolic remodeling of the atria

Group

CTRL (mean ± SD)

OSA (mean ± SD)

MET (mean ± SD)

week 0

week 12

week 0

week 12

week 0

week 12

LAD (mm)

24.9 ± 2.2

24.9 ± 2.3

25.3 ± 2.9

27.3 ± 2.7*

24.4 ± 2.8

24.4 ± 2.8

LAVmax (cm3)

9.2 ± 2.1

9.6 ± 1.6

11.3 ± 2.2

12.4 ± 2.8*

11.5 ± 3.1

11.8 ± 1.5

LAVmin (cm3)

4.5 ± 1.9

4.6 ± 2.3

5.1 ± 3.3

6.5 ± 4.1*

5.0 ± 1.7

5.3 ± 2.1

LAEF (%)

53.3 ± 3.5

54.2 ± 4.2

57 ± 4.7

50.6 ± 3.9*

57.7 ± 3.9

54.1 ± 8.2

RAD (mm)

20.7 ± 2.3

20.2 ± 2.2

23.5 ± 2.7

25.3 ± 3.1*

21.1 ± 2.5

23.3 ± 2.6

RAVmax (cm3)

3.7 ± 1.2

3.8 ± 1.6

3.9 ± 1.7

4.1 ± 1.6

3.8 ± 2.0

3.9 ± 2.6

RAVmin (cm3)

1.6 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.6

1.8 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.3

  1. LAD, left atrial diameter; LAVmax, maximum left atrium volume; LAVmin, minimum left atrium volume; LAEF, left atrium ejection fraction; RAD, right atrial diameter; RAVmax, maximum right atrium volume; RAVmin, minimum right atrium volume. n = 4 per group, *p < 0.05, compared with week 0.