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Figure 1

From: Spring warming increases the abundance of an invasive specialist insect: links to phenology and life history

Figure 1

Phenologies of C. ciliata overwintering adults (AR1 and AR2) and of P. ×acerifolia leaves (LP2 and LP3) in heated or unheated field plots in the springs of 2014 (A,C) and 2015 (B,D). AR1: Cumulative 1–10% adults revived; AR2: Cumulative 11–50% adults revived; LP2: Cumulative 10–50% leaves fully expanded; LP3: Cumulative 51–100% leaves fully expanded. PSI (the phenological synchrony index) indicates the degree of synchrony between each pair of phenologies (either AR1/LP2 or AR2/LP3). PSI was calculated as the ratio of the relative phenophases of overwintering adults (the number of days after 1 March when AR1 or AR2 occurred) and plant leaves (the number of days after 1 March when LP2 or LP3 occurred). Values are means + SE. Statistical results are provided in Table 1.

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