Table 2 Compressibility of Modified Muskeg Composites. Measured compressibility for different modified muskeg compositions upon placement of solid weights as depicted in Supplementary Figure S7. Figure S7 shows representative examples for the acquisition of data shown here.

Unmodified muskeg

0%

73.0 ± 8.1%

82.0 ± 10.5%

82.0 ± 10.5%

Na2SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (0 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

7.1 ± 1.5%

14.5 ± 3.1%

Na2SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (0 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (4 g)

0%

0%

10.0 ± 2.9%

20.0 ± 3.5%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (5 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

8.0 ± 1.0%

15.0 ± 1.8%

Na₂SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (5 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

5.0 ± 0.7%

10.0 ± 1.5%

Na₂SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (5 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (4 g)

0%

0%

6.3 ± 1.1%

12.5 ± 2.3%

Na₂SiO₃ (10 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

6.7 ± 0.7%

20.0 ± 2.1%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

6.3 ± 0.6%

12.5 ± 1.2%

Na₂SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

5.9 ± 1.1%

11.8 ± 2.3%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (5 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

8.3 ± 1.0%

16.7 ± 2.2%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (15 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

6.3 ± 0.5%

12.5 ± 1.0%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (1 g)

0%

8.0 ± 0.7%

15.4 ± 1.8%

23.1 ± 2.9%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (10 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (3 g)

0%

0%

7.7 ± 0.9%

15.4 ± 1.8%

Na₂SiO₃ (20 mL)/Mulch (15 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

5.9 ± 0.5%

11.8 ± 1.0%

Na₂SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (15 g)/NH₄OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (2 g)

0%

0%

2.5 ± 0.2%

5.0 ± 0.4%

Na₂SiO₃ (30 mL)/Mulch (15 g)/NH4OH (10 mL)/Hydroxyethylcellulose (4 g)

0%

0%

4.5 ± 0.3%

4.5 ± 0.3%