Table 1 Molar compositions of cations in the melt or crystal for Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+/LiNbO3 crystals with various Mg2+ ions concentrations.

From: Enhanced and Stable Upconverted White-light Emission in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 Single Crystal via Mg2+ Ion Doping

Samples

CMg2+ in melt (mol%)

CMg2+ in crystal (mol%)

CRE3+ in melt (mol%)

CRE3+ in crystal (mol%)

Ho3+

Yb3+

Tm3+

Ho3+

Yb3+

Tm3+

0.0 Mg

0

0

0.025

2.0

0.2

0.016

3.04

0.298

0.2 Mg

0.2

0.28

0.025

2.0

0.2

0.019

3.03

0.296

0.5 Mg

0.5

0.66

0.025

2.0

0.2

0.021

3.03

0.294

2.0 Mg

2.0

2.30

0.025

2.0

0.2

0.024

3.01

0.293

4.0 Mg

4.0

4.04

0.025

2.0

0.2

0.025

3.01

0.291

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