Table 1 Participant characteristics of all participants and for participants stratified into subgroups by insulin resistance status.

From: InsuTAG: A novel physiologically relevant predictor for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

 

All Participants n = 486

Insulin Sensitive n = 404

Insulin Resistant n = 82

p-value

Gender (n, (%))

Male

203

(41.77)

172

(42.57)

31

(37.80)

0.425*

Female

283

(58.23)

232

(57.43)

51

(62.20)

0.425*

Age (years)

77.78

±7.16

78.03

±7.24

76.54

±6.62

0.085

Waist Circumference (cm)

97.03

±12.73

95.21

±12.06

106.34

±12.03

<0.0001

Height (m)

1.63

±0.09

1.63

±0.09

1.63

±0.10

0.837

Weight (kg)

74.37

±14.59

72.36

±12.81

84.28

±14.35

<0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

28.05

±4.64

27.29

±4.36

31.76

±4.18

<0.0001

Metabolic Syndrome† (n, (%))

167

(37.03)

112

(29.55)

55

(76.39)

<0.0001

Ethnicity (n, (%))

Caucasian

469

(96.50)

392

(97.03)

77

(93.90)

0.160‡

Aboriginal/Pacific Islander

6

(1.23)

5

(1.24)

1

(1.22)

0.998‡

Asian

1

(0.21)

0

(0.00)

1

(1.22)

0.026‡

Don’t know/didn’t respond

10

(2.06)

7

(1.73)

3

(3.66)

0.261‡

Dietary Energy Intake (Cal/day)

1971

±725

1968

±735

1983

±679

0.865

Protein (g/day)

90.82

±35.20

90.87

±35.63

90.58

±33.25

0.946

Fat (g/day)

68.95

±31.87

69.42

±32.89

66.67

±26.46

0.478

Saturated fat (%Energy/day)

10.69

±3.24

10.73

±3.38

10.50

±2.43

0.562

Fibre (g/day)

31.81

±14.90

31.99

±15.25

30.91

±13.08

0.549

Physical Activity § (n, (%))

High

120

(25.16)

108

(27.20)

12

(15.00)

0.020‡

Moderate

263

(55.14)

213

(53.65)

50

(62.50)

0.141‡

Low

74

(15.51)

62

(15.62)

12

(15.00)

0.888‡

Sedentary

20

(4.19)

14

(3.53)

6

(7.50)

0.102‡

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

145.99

±20.90

146.00

±21.68

145.94

±15.99

0.984

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

74.64

±9.70

74.30

±9.64

76.58

±9.91

0.090

Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)

5.22

±0.55

5.14

±0.51

5.64

±0.54

<0.0001

Fasting Insulin (μIU/L)

6.0

(4.0–8.6)

5.4

(3.8–7.2)

13.1

(12.0–16.8)

<0.0001||

HbA1c (%)

5.72

±0.34

5.70

±0.31

5.85

±0.44

0.0002

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

39

±3.7

39

±3.4

40

±4.8

0.0002

Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.69

±1.02

4.72

±1.01

4.57

±1.08

0.241

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.15

(0.86–1.55)

1.10

(0.83–1.45)

1.54

(1.01–2.00)

<0.0001||

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.58

±0.91

2.58

±0.91

2.53

±0.94

0.645

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.49

(1.23–1.74)

1.53

(1.29–1.77)

1.25

(1.06–1.54)

 < 0.0001||

Total-C/HDL-C

3.10

(2.50–3.80)

3.00

(2.50–3.70)

3.35

(2.80–4.30)

0.002

HOMA-IR

1.39

(0.90–2.06)

1.20

(0.84–1.69)

3.20

(2.87–4.04)

<0.0001||

TyG

5.88

(4.46–8.12)

5.61

(4.13–7.47)

8.16

(5.88–11.12)

<0.0001||

TG/HDL-C

0.77

(0.54–1.24)

0.72

(0.51–1.13)

1.18

(0.70–1.77)

<0.0001||

  1. Data reported as count, mean ± SD or median (IQR, expressed as the 25th–75th percentile) unless otherwise specified. Insulin resistance categorised as HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Metabolic syndrome categorised according to IDF criteria. Difference between groups (Insulin Sensitive versus Insulin Resistant) assessed using two-tailed independent sample t-tests unless otherwise specified. *Categorical data assessed using chi-squared analysis. †Incomplete data for metabolic syndrome for 35 participants (Insulin sensitive: n = 25; Insulin resistant: n = 10). ‡Differences assessed using a two-sample test of proportion. §Incomplete data for physical activity for 9 participants (Insulin sensitive: n = 7; Insulin resistant: n = 2). ||Non-parametric data assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. BMI: body mass index. Total-C/HDL-C: Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol. HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment for Insulin Resistance. TyG: Triglycerides × glucose. TG/HDL-C: Triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol.
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