Table 1 Comparison of different graphene-based materials synthesized from waste biomass and their applications.
Waste source | Scientific name | Synthetic route | Surface area (m2 g−1) | Application | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activating agent | Graphitization process | |||||
Coconut shell | Cocos Nucifera | ZnCl2 | FeCl3 | 1874 | Supercapacitor | |
Soybean shell | Glycine Max | KOH | Thermal treatment with NH3 injection for N-doped graphene | 1152 | Oxygen reduction reaction | |
Wheat straw | Triticum sp. | KOH | Thermal treatment in graphite furnace | 35.5 | Li-ion battery | |
Tea tree plant | Melaleuca Alternifolia | Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition | — | Hydrophobic coating | ||
Auricularia + GO | Auricularia auricula-judae | KOH | Hydrothermal carbonization with GO | 1723 | Supercapacitor | |
Waste paper (Co decorated porous graphene) | — | — | Graphitization & Co(acac)2 + 1,10 phenanthroline | 542 | Oxygen reduction reaction | |
Peanut shell | Arachis Hypogaea | KOH | — | 2070 | Supercapacitor | This work |
