Table 1 Characteristics of studies addressing the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Japanese.
Study ID | Reference | Data collection period | Participants | Setting | Adults or Children | Random Sampling | N | Mean Age [range] | Specimen type | Measurement kit | Antigen from domestic or foreign strains | Tested (n) | Positive (n) | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fukao et al.9 | NA | Healthy blood donors | Community | Children & adults | No | 1815 | [16–64] | Serum | ELISA kit (QUIDEL Corp., San Diego) | Foreign | 1815 | 949 | 53.3 |
2 | Replogle et al.39 | 1980–1993 | Patients screened for Hepatitis B virus at Tokyo University Hospital | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Children & adults | No | 1494 | [0–94] | Serum | NA | NA | 1207 | 470 | 38.9 |
3 | Kumagai et al.28 | 1986, 1994 | Participants of a cohort study | General population | Children & adults | No | 641, 549 | [6–80] | Serum | GAP-IgG test (Biomerica, Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 641, 549 | 510, 370 | 49.6, 67.4 |
4 | Youn et al.54 | 1993 | Patients without gastrointestinal symptoms | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Children & adults | No | 580 | [2–6], [7–19], [20-] | Serum | Immunoblot assay | NA | 100, 260, 100 | 20, 108, NA | 20, 40 > 75 |
5 | Kikuchi et al.26 | 1996 | Public service workers | Community | Adults | No | 5000 | [19–69] | Serum | Pilika Plate G Helicobacter, II (Biomerica Ltd., Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 4361 | 1330 | 30.5 |
6 | Fujisawa et al.21 | 1974, 1984, 1994 | Participants in a health screening program | Community | Children & adults | Yes | 1015 | Median 35.6, [0–89] | Serum | GAP-IgG test (Biomerica, Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 1015 | 426 | 42.0 |
7 | Yang et al.53 | 1996 | Employees of a manufacturing plant | Community | Adults | No | 598 | [20–59] | Serum | GAP-IgG test (Biomerica, Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 545 | 216 | 39.6 |
8 | Shibata et al.41 | 1997 | Residents | General population | Adults | No | 1207 | [30–64] | Serum | GAP-IgG, Biomerica, USA | Foreign | 636 | 310 | 48.7 |
9 | Ogihara et al.36 | 1989–1990 | Employees of small and medium-sized textile companies | Community | Adults | No | 9500 | [39–65 + ] | Serum | Pilika Plate G Helicobacter, II (Biomerica Ltd, Newport, USA) | Foreign | 8837 | 4268 | 48.3 |
10 | Yamagata et al.50 | 1988 | Participants of a cohort study | General population | Adults | No | 2742 | 57 in men, 59 in women, [40–80 + ] | Serum | HM-CAP (Enteric Products Inc, Westbury, NY) | Foreign | 2602 | 1721 | 66.1 |
11 | Kurosawa et al.29 | 1995–1996 | Elementary/junior high School students | Community | Children | No | 610 | 6 and 14 years | Saliva | HELISAI kit | Foreign | 610 | 83 | 13.6 |
12 | Okuda et al.38 | 1998–1999 | Asymptomatic children | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Children | No | 484 | [0–12] | Stool | Meridian Diagnositics, Cincinnati, USA | Foreign | 484 | 31 | 6.4 |
13 | Yamaji et al.51 | 1996–1997 | Individuals attending a health screening program | Community | Adults | No | 6489 | 48.1 [NA] | Serum | GAP-IgG test (Biomerica, Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 5732 | 2695 | 47.0 |
14 | Yamashita et al.52 | 1995–1996 | Healthy Children in an out-patient clinic | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Children | No | 336 | [0–19] | Serum | HEL-p-test; AMRAD, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia | Foreign | 336 | 59 | 17.5 |
15 | Shibata et al.5 | 1993 | Residents attending a health screening program | General population | Adults | No | 2347 | [30–79] | Serum | HM-CAP, EPI Inc., USA | Foreign | 954 | 703 | 73.7 |
16 | Fukuda et al.10 | 2003 | Asymptomatic children | General population | Children | No | 300 | 8 | Serum | HEL-p-test; AMRAD, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia | Foreign | 300 | 37 | 12.3 |
17 | Kato et al.11 | NA | Healthy Children | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Children | No | 454 | 6.1[0–15] | Serum | HM-CAP and PP-CAP, En-teric Products, New York, NY, USA | Foreign | 454 | 55 | 12.2 |
18 | Kato et al. 2004 | NA | Individuals with upper, gastrointestinal symptoms | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 6578 | [21–71 + ] | Serum | HM-CAP, Enteric Products, Incorporated, Stony Brook, NY, USA or a GAP lgG kit (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA, USA). | Foreign | 6578 | 3300 | 50.2 |
19 | Nobuta et al.12 | 1995–1996 | Asymptomatic individuals attending a health screening program | Community | Adults | No | 250, 209 | 40.7 (Niigata), 39.1 (Okinawa) | Serum | HM-CAP | NA | 250, 209 | 125, 88 | 50.0, 41.1 |
20 | Kikuchi et al.27 | 1988–1990 | Residents in various areas | General population | Adults | No | 635 | [40–79] | Serum | J-HM-CAP, Kyowa Medex Co. Ltd., Tokyo | Domestic | 633 | 443 | 70.0 |
21 | Kawade et al.24 | 1999–2001 | Patients with dyspepsia | Clinical- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 644 | 82.7 [65–107] | Serum | NA | NA | 644 | 337 | 52.3 |
22 | Shimatani et al.42 | 1997–2003 | University students attending a health check-up program | General population | Adults | No | 530 | 23.7 [NA] | Biopsy & serum | Rapid urease test (CLO test, Ballard Medical Products, Utah, USA), and HM-CAP Enteric Products, Westbury, NY, USA) | Foreign | 530 | 87 | 16.4 |
23 | Sasazuki et al.40 | 1990–1992 | Participants of a cohort study | General population | Adults | No | 511 | 57.4 [NA] | Serum | E Plate “Eiken” H. pylori, Antibody, Eiken Kagaku Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan | Domestic | 511 | 383 | 74.9 |
24 | Fujimoto et al.20 | 1993, 2002 | Residents attending a health screening program | General population | Adults | No | 3819 | [20–70 + ] | Serum | ELISA (JHM-CAP, Kyowa Medix Co.,Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 3819 | 2116 | 55.4 |
25 | Shiotani et al.45 | 2005–2006 | University students | Community | Adults | Yes | 777 | 19.5 [18–25] | Serum | E Plate test (Eiken Kagaku) | Domestic | 777 | 114 | 14.7 |
26 | Naito et al.31 | 2002–2003 | Children from kindergarten or elementary school attending a health screening program | Community | Children | No | 452 | 4, 7, 10 | Urine | URINELISA H.pylori kit (Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo) | Domestic | 150, 150, 149, 149, 153, 153 | 8, 10, 7, 6, 6, 7 | 5.3, 6.7, 4.7, 4.0, 4.0, 4.6 |
Study ID | Reference | Data collection period | Participants | Setting | Adults or Children | Random Sampling | N | Mean Age [range] | Specimen type | Measurement kit | Antigen from domestic or foreign strains | Tested (n) | Positive (n) | Prevalence (%) |
27 | Hirai et al.16 | 2007 | Asymptomatic adults | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 235 | [40–63] | Stool | TestMate Papid Pylori Antigen; BD Japan | Domestic | 186 | 75 | 40.3 |
28 | Mizuno et al.30 | 1987 | Residents | General population | Adults | No | 2589 | [35–75 + ] | Serum | Pilika Plate G Helicobacter, II (Biomerica Ltd., Newport Beach, CA) | Foreign | 2859 | 2147 | 75.1 |
29 | Nakajima et al.32 | 1998, 2005 | Individuals attending a health screening program | Community | Adults | No | 384 | [20–79] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 384 | 192 | 50.0 |
30 | Kawai et al.25 | 2003–2004 | Patients undergoing routine health check-up | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 418 | 39.2 [22–58] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 418 | 141 | 33.7 |
31 | Nakao et al.33 | 2001–2005 | All first-visit outpatients at Aichi Cancer Center | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 1465 | [20–79] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 1406 | 798 | 56.8 |
32 | Akamatsu et al.15 | 2007–2009 | Junior high school students | General population | Children | No | 1232 | [16–17] | Urine | RAPIRAN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Tokyo, Japan | Domestic | 1224 | 64 | 5.2 |
33 | Toyoda et al.47 | 2004–2007 | Residents | General population | Adults | No | 1728 | 57.8 [30–89] | Serum | JHM-CAP, Kyowa, Medex Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan | Domestic | 1540 | 923 | 59.9 |
34 | Tamura et al.46 | 2008–2010 | Participants of a cohort study | General population | Adults | No | 5167 | [35–69] | Urine | Rapiran (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 5167 | 1881 | 36.4 |
35 | Shimoyama et al.43 | 2005 | Healthy adults attending a health screening program | General population | Adults | No | 1048 | [25–85] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 1048 | 638 | 60.9 |
36 | Urita et al.48 | 1999–2004 | Children attending a clinic | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Children | No | 838 | 12.4 [1–18] | Serum | NA | NA | 828 | 101 | 12.1 |
37 | Nakagawa et al.17 | 2005–2010 | Healthy adults attending a clinic | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 268 | [20–78] | UBT | NA | NA | 268 | 175 | 65.3 |
38 | Ueda et al.67 | 1997–2013 | Individuals attending a health screening program | Community | Adults | No | 14716 | NA [20 + ] | Serum/ur-ine/stool | E-plate (Eiken H.pylori antibody) | Domestic | 14716 | 5879 | 39.9 |
39 | Hirayama et al.4 | 2008 | Employees of a large company | Community | Adults | No | 21144 | NA [35–79] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemical Co.Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 21144 | 5822 | 27.5 |
40 | Okuda et al. 2014 | 2010–2011 | Participants of a population-based survey | General population | Children | No | 1299, 1909 | NA [0–8], NA [0–11] | Stool | TestMate Pylori Antigen EIA (Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) | Domestic | 688, 835 | 13, 15 | 1.9, 1.8 |
41 | Shimoyama et al.44 | 2012 | Healthy adults attending a health survey | General population | Adults | No | 810 | [40–80] | Serum/st-ool | E-plate (Eiken Chemical Co.jLtd, Tokyo, Japan; Testmate EIA (Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kyowa Medex) | Domestic | 505 | 224 | 44.4 |
42 | Watanabe et al.49 | 2005–2013 | All first-visit outpatients at Aichi Cancer Center | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 4698 | 60.5 [20–79] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken H.pylori antibody) | Domestic | 4285 | 1607 | 37.5 |
43 | Kamada et al.23 | 1975–1978, 1991–1994, 2010–2013 | Patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia or gastric cancer screening | Clinic- or Hospital-based | Adults | No | 1381 | [18–70 + ] | Biopsy | Giemsa or Gimenez staining | NA | 289, 787, 305 | 216, 417, 107 | 74.7, 53.0, 35.1 |
44 | Akamatsu et al.18 | 2007–2013 | High school students | General population | Children | No | 3251 | [16–17] | Urine | RAPIRAN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Tokyo, Japan | Domestic | 3251 | 136 | 4.2 |
45 | Nakayama et al. 201634 | 2011–2013 | Junior high school students | General population | Children | No | 681 | NA [12–15] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 454 | 14 | 3.1 |
46 | Charvat et al.19, JPHC Cohort II | 1993–1994 | Residents in various areas | General population | Adults | Yes | 21682 | [30–79] | Serum | E-plate (Eiken Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan) | Domestic | 21682 | 14809 | 68.3 |
