Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Bone regeneration is associated with the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α induced by sericin released from a silk mat

Figure 2

(A) Protein concentration in saline after sonication of the silk mat from each layer. The concentrations of protein were 10.16 ± 0.08 μg/ml, 3.38 ± 0.01 μg/ml, 3.44 ± 0.02 μg/ml, and 8.26 ± 0.21 μg/ml for layer 1, layer 2, layer 3, and layer 4, respectively. The concentration of released protein was significantly higher in the layer 1 group and the layer 4 group compared with the layer 2 group and the layer 3 group (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). (B) Comparison of SEM images of the silk mat before and after sonication. The dissociated silk fibroin fibre caused by dissolution of the bonding protein was prominent in the layer 2 and the layer 3 groups. Despite the high amount of bonding protein release, the main fibres appeared intact in the layer 1 and the layer 4 groups.

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