Table 1 General characteristics of the study population according to the presence or absence of asthma by sex (N = 10,138).
Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Asthma | With Asthma | P-value | Without Asthma | With Asthma | P-value | |
Variables | (n = 3775) | (n = 451) | (n = 5453) | (n = 459) | ||
Age (years) | 29.7 ± 0.1 | 29.1 ± 0.3 | 0.03 | 29.8 ± 0.1 | 29.0 ± 0.4 | 0.04 |
Smoker | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||
Non | 34.3(1) | 22.2(2.3) | 87.2(0.6) | 74.2(2.4) | ||
Ex-smoker | 12.5(0.6) | 9.4(1.7) | 5.1(0.4) | 6.4(1.3) | ||
Current | 53.2(1) | 68.4(2.6) | 7.8(0.5) | 19.4(2.1) | ||
Alcohol Drinking (%) | <0.01 | 0.02 | ||||
Non | 7.5(0.5) | 8.4(1.6) | 20.5(0.7) | 14.5(1.8) | ||
Mild to Moderate | 75.9(0.8) | 65.5(1.2) | 75.6(0.7) | 78.9(2.2) | ||
Heavy | 16.7(0.7) | 27.5(2.5) | 3.9(0.4) | 6.6(1.3) | ||
Exercise (%) | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||||
Regular | 16.0(0.7) | 22.0(2.3) | 7.0(0.4) | 10.8(1.8) | ||
Non-regular | 66.4(0.9) | 60.8(2.6) | 79.2(0.7) | 77.4(2.4) | ||
No exercise | 17.6(0.7) | 17.2(2.0) | 13.8(0.6) | 11.8(1.6) | ||
Income | 0.16 | 0.05 | ||||
Lowest tertile | 9.4(0.7) | 6.6(1.4) | 7.6(0.5) | 11.9(2) | ||
Middle tertile | 59.7(0.9) | 64.5(2.4) | 61.7(0.8) | 60.1(2.4) | ||
Highest tertile | 30.8(1) | 30(2.5) | 30.7(0.9) | 28(2.5) | ||
Education (≥12 years) | 46.1(1) | 34.2(2.5) | <0.01 | 49(0.9) | 45.8(2.9) | 0.26 |
Atopic Dermatitis (%) | 4.2(0.4) | 8.5(1.6) | <0.01 | 5.2(0.4) | 10.8(1.8) | <0.01 |
Allergic Rhinitis (%) | 18.7(1.3) | 29.8(4.5) | 0.01 | 21.7(1.2) | 37.4(4.4) | <0.01 |
Asthma diagnosed by physician | 0(0) | 24.6(2.3) | . | 0(0) | 27.8(2.4) | . |
Stress (%) | 28.8(0.8) | 43.9(2.6) | <0.01 | 35.6(0.8) | 46.9(2.7) | <0.01 |
Depression (%) | 7.6(0.5) | 12.7(1.9) | <0.01 | 14.5(0.6) | 20.9(2.2) | <0.01 |
Mean sleep hours | 6.9 ± 0 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 0.78 | 7.2 ± 0 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 0.07 |
Serum Vitamin D concentration | 17.3 ± 0.2 | 17.1 ± 0.3 | 0.65 | 15.4 ± 0.1 | 15.3 ± 0.3 | 0.79 |
