Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Photoacoustic stimulation promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells to enhance the repair of bone defect

Figure 3

PA-pretreatment enhances the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. (A) The time course expression profiles of total protein in the indicated groups. The osteogenic markers of each experimental group, including osteopontin (B), alkaline phosphatase activity (C) and calcium content (D) were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by quantitative analysis. All quantitative data are presented as mean ± S.D, n = 4; *represents statistical difference as compared with Control group; #represents statistical difference as compared with PA group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01; ### P < 0.001 from One-way ANOVA with Student–Newman-Keuls post hoc test.

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