Figure 4

Validation of gene expression with quantitative RT-PCR. (A) Heat map of 17 selected DEGs for qRT-PCR in G. arboreum in response to cotton leaf curl disease with respect to hierarchical clustering. Log10 expression values were used for the analysis and negative values were set to zero. Clustering and the heat map were performed using heatmap 2.0 package in R. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the relative expression levels of seventeen pathogen resistance related genes with 18 S as an internal reference. Values were expressed as fold changes of transcript levels in the CLCuD infested symptomatic leaf samples with respect to the transcript levels in CLCuD infested asymptomatic leaf samples. Error bars represented standard error (SE) of three biological replicates.