Table 2 Post-operative complications determined by the Clavien–Dindo classification
GA group (n = 798, 89.4%) | EMR group (n = 75, 8.4%) | PO group (n = 20, 2.2%) | χ2 test | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local complications | 44 (5.5%) | 11 (14.7%) | 0 | 11.28 | 0.004 |
Abdominal infection | 20 | 4 | 0 | ||
Anastomotic fistula | 4 | 3 | 0 | ||
Intestinal obstruction | 7 | 1 | 0 | ||
Abdominal hemorrhage | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
Disruption of wound | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Lymphatic fistula | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pancreatic fistula | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Duodenal stump fistula | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Anastomotic stricture | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Systemic complications | 21 (2.6%) | 8 (10.7%) | 2 (10.0%) | 15.81 | <0.001 |
Pulmonary infection | 15 | 5 | 1 | ||
Urinary infection | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pneumothorax | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Renal failure | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Diabetic ketoacidosis | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Cardio- and cerebro-vascular event | 3 | 1 | |||
Total complications | 65 (8.1%) | 19 (25.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 23.28 | <0.001 |
Clavien-Dindo classification | 36.05 | <0.001 | |||
II | 40 | 9 | 1 | ||
IIIa | 7 | 2 | 0 | ||
IIIb | 11 | 3 | 0 | ||
IVa | 3 | 2 | 0 | ||
IVb | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
V | 3 | 2 | 1 |
