Table 4 Results of internal cross-validation experiments providing a comparison of the efficiency of the various evaluated diversity and inequality metrics in predicting a preterm delivery outcome.

	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	MCC
TCS	0.965 (0.02)	0.970 (0.03)	0.964 (0.03)	0.922 (0.05)	0.986 (0.01)	0.921 (0.04)
TCS	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Shannon	0.855 (0.03)	0.759 (0.10)	0.899 (0.05)	0.773 (0.09)	0.896 (0.04)	0.662 (0.07)
Shannon	2.5E-165	5.9E-163	1.3E-150	3.3E-163	2.2E-164	2.7E-165
Simpson	0.819 (0.04)	0.489 (0.09)	0.963 (0.02)	0.855 (0.08)	0.812 (0.04)	0.547 (0.08)
Simpson	2.5E-165	6.5E-165	2.0E-01	5.4E-84	4.8E-165	2.7E-165
Chao1	0.947 (0.02)	0.936 (0.05)	0.952 (0.03)	0.896 (0.05)	0.972 (0.02)	0.878 (0.04)
Chao1	6.1E-129	4.7E-81	4.8E-49	2.0E-78	3.3E-117	1.4E-138
Gini	0.908 (0.02)	0.820 (0.09)	0.947 (0.04)	0.880 (0.08)	0.925 (0.04)	0.784 (0.05)
Gini	2.5E-163	1.8E-154	7.2E-33	1.1E-55	4.6E-160	8.0E-165
Ricci-Schutz	0.868 (0.03)	0.730 (0.09)	0.929 (0.04)	0.826 (0.09)	0.888 (0.04)	0.684 (0.07)
Ricci-Schutz	8.1E-165	6.9E-165	2.9E-88	5.6E-134	4.8E-165	2.7E-165
Atkinson	0.859 (0.03)	0.703 (0.11)	0.929 (0.04)	0.820 (0.09)	0.878 (0.04)	0.662 (0.07)
Atkinson	2.5E-165	6.9E-165	1.7E-88	1.0E-130	4.8E-165	2.7E-165
Theil	0.899 (0.03)	0.809 (0.10)	0.940 (0.05)	0.867 (0.09)	0.919 (0.04)	0.766 (0.06)
Theil	2.3E-163	1.0E-157	9.0E-48	5.1E-65	7.1E-162	4.3E-165
Decile ratio (90:10)	0.795 (0.04)	0.347 (0.08)	0.991 (0.01)	0.949 (0.08)	0.777 (0.04)	0.492 (0.07)
Decile ratio (90:10)	2.5E-165	6.5E-165	1	1	4.8E-165	2.7E-165

These experiments were performed using vaginal microbiome samples obtained before 20 weeks of gestation. Mean (and standard deviation) values of the six evaluation parameters obtained across 1000 iterations of cross-validation are provided. Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-values indicating the relatively better efficiency of the TCS metric as compared to other metrics (Wilcoxon paired rank sum test) are also indicated in italics.

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