Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population.

Number of people

43,627

13,513

24,945

44,981

Age, years, mean (SD)

51.7 (7.8)

52.5 (8.2)

53.6 (8.8)

54.6 (9.0)

Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD)

First examination

91.4 (13.1)

91.2 (12.9)

92.3 (12.7)

91.6 (12.8)

Second examination

94.8 (18.7)

95.1 (18.3)

95.0 (16.8)

94.3 (16.8)

Change

3.4 (19.9)

3.9 (19.3)

2.6 (17.6)

2.6 (17.9)

Socioeconomic status, N (%)

First quartile (highest)

16,065 (36.8)

5,730 (42.4)

12,303 (49.3)

19,718 (43.8)

Second quartile

13,932 (31.9)

4,000 (29.6)

6,914 (27.7)

13,035 (29.0)

Third quartile

8,280 (19.0)

2,314 (17.1)

3,633 (14.6)

7,636 (17.0)

Fourth quartile (lowest)

5,350 (12.3)

1,469 (10.9)

2,095 (8.4)

4,592 (10.2)

Physical activity, times per week, N (%)

None

19,930 (45.7)

6,988 (51.7)

9,025 (36.2)

19,295 (42.9)

1–2

15,407 (35.3)

3,785 (28.0)

8,659 (34.7)

14,224 (31.6)

3–4

4,984 (11.4)

1,689 (12.5)

4,265 (17.1)

6,305 (14.0)

5–7

3,306 (7.6)

1,051 (7.8)

2,996 (12.0)

5,157 (11.5)

Alcohol consumption, drinks per week, N (%)

None

9,513 (21.8)

6,630 (49.1)

7,865 (31.5)

22,207 (49.4)

1–2

23,260 (53.3)

5,251 (38.9)

12,829 (51.4)

17,932 (39.9)

≥3

10,854 (24.9)

1,632 (12.1)

4,251 (17.0)

4,842 (10.8)

Body mass index, kg/m², mean (SD)

23.6 (2.8)

24.0 (2.8)

24.2 (2.7)

24.0 (2.7)

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

126.6 (16.3)

127.1 (16.4)

127.6 (15.9)

127.8 (16.4)

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

80.2 (10.9)

80.4 (10.9)

80.5 (10.7)

80.6 (10.8)

Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD)

196.6 (36.3)

198.5 (36.6)

197.5 (35.3)

194.5 (34.9)

Charlson comorbidity index, %

0

20,217 (46.3)

5,779 (42.8)

9,756 (39.1)

17,754 (39.5)

1

13,349 (30.6)

4,109 (30.4)

8,053 (32.3)

14,094 (31.3)

≥2

10,061 (23.1)

3,625 (26.8)

7,136 (28.6)

13,133 (29.2)