Figure 4

Comparison of CNP between subjects who survived and died using the spatial mixed-effect model. The children who died show (a) higher mean CNP in temporal direction in inner circle, (b) higher CNP in temporal direction in outer ring. The p-values of pairwise comparisons are more decisive in the spatial model compared to t-test (c and d). The mean CNP difference of survived-died as calculated from the spatial model (e) in a circular plot are higher in temporal direction. The standard errors of mean differences calculated from the spatial model (f) are smaller than for t-test. The p-values calculated from the spatial model are significant in temporal direction (g).