Table 1 Synergism of DEF on malathion toxicity in the MSS and N-MRS strains.

From: Multiple mutations and overexpression of the MdaE7 carboxylesterase gene associated with male-linked malathion resistance in housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Strain

Na

Slope (SE)

LD50 (FL 95%) μg/fly

χ2 (df)b

RRc

SRd

Females

CSS

289

1.1 (0.22)

9.21 (6.29–13.9)

0.61 (4)

1.0

 

MSS

355

4.1 (0.80)

0.829 (0.713–0.974)

1.6 (3)

0.090

 

MSS + DEF

320

6.1 (0.84)

0.445 (0.376–0.508)

5.1 (3)

 

1.86

N-MRS

316

5.2 (0.70)

518 (470–569)

8.8 (4)

56

 

N-MRS + DEF

281

3.4 (0.39)

1.76 (1.54–2.05)

2.0 (4)

 

294

Males

CSS

270

1.7 (0.27)

11.6 (7.38–17.6)

1.6 (3)

1.0

 

MSS

412

4.8 (0.42)

119 (104–133)

2.0 (3)

10

 

MSS + DEF

360

7.7 (1.8)

0.677 (0.546–0.749)

6.6 (4)

 

176

N-MRS

400

6.9 (0.66)

632 (585–681)

6.3 (4)

54

 

N-MRS + DEF

310

1.4 (0.20)

4.96 (3.61–7.59)

9.1 (4)

 

127

  1. aNumber of houseflies used in the bioassay. bChi-square value and degrees of freedom (df) as calculated by PoloPlus. cRR = LD50 of malathion/LD50 of malathion for CSS strain with corresponding genders. dSR = LD50 of malathion/LD50 of malathion + DEF.