Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Metabolic profiling of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by NMR spectroscopy reveals multifaceted toxicity of β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)

Figure 3

Localization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in zebrafish embryos exposed to BMAA 170 as compared to control embryos. (A) Embryos were incubated for 60 min in CM-H2DCFA (10 μM) in rearing medium. Control embryo (left), i.e., water only, bright field image (top) and overlay with fluorescence (bottom). BMAA170-treated embryo (right), bright field image (top) and overlay with fluorescence (bottom). Red outline highlights the brain region. Red arrow indicates fluorescent cells in the brain region surrounding the pigments. Asterisk indicate fluorescent cells in the yolk sac. (B) Intact embryos were homogenized to separate metabolic layer in 5% 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) solution and glutathione (GSH) levels were analysed by using GSH assay kit from Sigma-Aldrich. Significant reduction of GSH (p < 0.001; n = 9) in BMAA treated embryo is clearly observed.

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