Figure 1

Five groups which were formed depending on the deficit and clinical course. Patients were assigned to the five groups according to each function (processing speed, fluency, spatial working memory, emotion, ToM and social cognition, visuospatial cognition). Groups A and B: deficits were observed preoperatively; A, deficit recovered within 3 months; B, deficit remaining until the chronic phase. Groups C, D, and E: no deficits were observed during the preoperative phase; C, normal at the chronic phase; D, deficits occurred just after surgery, but recovered by the chronic phase; E, deficits occurred after surgery and had not recovered within 3 months.