Table 1 Baseline characteristics among the patients performing contrast CT, but with less than 2.0 mg/dL of serum creatinine at baseline.

From: Baseline Chloride Levels are Associated with the Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Variables

Total (n = 13,088, 100%)

Hypochloremia (n = 2,525, 19.3%)

Normochloremia (n = 10,322, 78.9%)

Hyperchloremia (n = 241, 1.8%)

p-value

Age, years

59.0 ± 15.3

60.0 ± 14.8

58.7 ± 15.4

64.2 ± 15.9

<0.001

Male, n (%)

7,635 (58.3%)

1,504 (59.6%)

6,011 (58.2%)

120 (49.8%)

0.012

BMI, kg/m2

22.7 ± 3.5

22.2 ± 3.6

22.9 ± 3.4

22.8 ± 4.1

<0.001

Inpatients, n (%)

11539 (88.2%)

2391 (94.7%)

8913 (86.3%)

235 (97.5%)

<0.001

Comorbid disease, n(%)

 DM

3,800 (29.0%)

873 (34.6%)

2,841 (27.5%)

86 (35.7%)

<0.001

 Hypertension

5,881 (44.9%)

1,182 (46.8%)

4,559 (44.2%)

140 (58.1%)

<0.001

 Dyslipidemia

2,361 (18.0%)

452 (17.9%)

1,855 (18.0%)

54 (22.4%)

0.205

 CAD

1,368 (10.5%)

266 (10.5%)

1,055 (10.2%)

47 (19.5%)

<0.001

 Heart failure

506 (3.9%)

104 (4.1%)

386 (3.7%)

16 (6.6%)

0.053

Contrast volume, mL

120.5 ± 20.0

117.3 ± 20.9

121.4 ± 19.6

118.1 ± 22.3

<0.001

Laboratory data

 BUN, mg/dL

16.1 ± 8.6

17.1 ± 9.6

15.6 ± 8.1

23.4 ± 13.7

<0.001

 Creatinine, mg/dL

0.76 ± 0.26

0.74 ± 0.27

0.76 ± 0.26

0.84 ± 0.32

<0.001

 Sodium, mEq/L

137.5 ± 4.5

132.0 ± 4.5

138.7 ± 3.1

145.1 ± 5.1

<0.001

 Chloride, mEq/L

101.1 ± 4.9

93.9 ± 3.5

102.5 ± 2.9

113.6 ± 3.8

<0.001

 tCO2, mEq/L

23.8 ± 3.6

24.4 ± 4.1

23.7 ± 3.3

20.5 ± 4.3

<0.001

CA-AKI rate, n (%)

568 (4.3%)

137 (5.4%)

408 (4.0%)

23 (9.5%)

<0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean (with standard deviation) or n (%); Abbreviations; DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary arterial disease; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; tCO2, total CO2; CA-AKI, contrast-associated acute kidney injury.
  2. Hypochloremia; chloride level less than 98 mEq/L at baseline; Normochloremia; chloride level between 98 to 110 mEq/L at baseline; Hyperchloremia; chloride level over 110 mEq/L at baseline.