Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analyses for the incidence of CA-AKI with delta chloride concentration within 72 hours in hypo- and hyperchloremia groups.

From: Baseline Chloride Levels are Associated with the Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Variables

Hypochloremia

Hyperchloremia

RR (95% CI)

P-value

RR (95% CI)

P-value

Normal Cr group (positive ΔCl vs. negative ΔCl)

0.318 (0.193–0.527)

 < 0.001

3.092 (1.080–10.655)

0.036

Slightly increased Cr group (positive ΔCl vs. negative ΔCl)

0.053 (0.009–0.326)

0.002

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  1. Abbreviations; CA-AKI, contrast-associated acute kidney injury; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; Cr, creatinine.
  2. ΔCl was defined by [post peak chloride concentration – chloride concentration at baseline].
  3. Positive ΔCl was defined as ΔCl ≥ 0, while negative ΔCl was defined as ΔCl < 0.
  4. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, admission status, comorbidity diseases (such as DM, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure), serum creatinine, serum BUN, tCO2, and contrast media volume.
  5. Normal Cr group; patients who had a serum Cr level of less than 1.2 mg/dL.
  6. Slightly increased Cr group; patients who had 1.2 ≤ serum Cr levels < 2.0 mg/dL.
  7. Hypochloremia; chloride level less than 98 mEq/L at baseline.
  8. Normochloremia; chloride level between 98 to 110 mEq/L at baseline.
  9. Hyperchloremia; chloride level over 110 mEq/L at baseline.
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