Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer

Figure 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Gene-level analysis of the serine biosynthesis, cysteine biosynthesis, and threonine biosynthesis pathways. The results of our study showed significant changes in the serine biosynthesis pathway (M00020) in cancer patients as compared with healthy individuals, cysteine biosynthesis pathway (M00338) in periodontitis patients, and the threonine biosynthesis pathway (M00018) in patients with complete tooth loss. Here, these pathways are shown on a gene level by visualizing the absolute difference in relative abundances of the genes (red color scheme), revealing that most genes from these pathways have been altered in their abundance between both conditions on a gene level. Additionally, we demonstrate that some of the genes from the threonine biosynthesis are either specific for Gram-negative (green) or Gram-negative/-positive bacteria (blue), while the serine and cysteine biosynthesis pathways consists of universal genes present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

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